ArticleOtology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology2026
Evaluating the Impact of Cochlear Implantation on Cognitive Outcomes in Older Adults: A 5-Year Follow-Up.
Article in Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Verbal fluency after cochlear implantation: a longitudinal comparison with untreated hearing loss in the ELSA cohort.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Cognitive performance, dizziness and tinnitus among adults with unilateral audiovestibular disorders.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the long-term impact of cochlear implantation (CI) on cognitive outcomes in older adults 5 years post-implantation. STUDY
designProspective, interventional study.
settingTertiary care center. PATIENTS: Cochlear implant recipients aged 65 or older.
interventionsSubjects underwent preoperative cognitive testing with a novel battery of validated neuropsychological tests including those assessing global cognition (Mini-Mental Status Exam), verbally based cognition (Digit span, Stroop, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, Hayling Sentence Completion) and comparable visually-based cognition [Spatial span, d2 Test of Attention, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), Trail Making Test Part B]. Testing was repeated 5 years postoperatively.
main outcome measuresCognitive outcomes assessed with cognitive testing battery.
resultsAfter 5.71±1.14 years after CI, 16 subjects (mean age 83±7.22 y, 93.75% male, 87.5% with normal preoperative cognitive status) repeated the cognitive battery. In comparison to preoperative testing, subjects showed stable performance on 4 of 11 cognitive test scores, including those assessing global cognition, auditory attention, verbal learning and memory, and auditory-based executive functioning. Conversely, there was a significant decrease on a verbal test of executive functioning (Stroop Color-Word: Z=-2.557, P =0.011) and all visually based tests of attention (d2 total correct scores Z=-2.667, P =0.008; spatial span total score: Z=-2.388, P =0.017, BVMT-R: total raw score Z=-2.615, P =0.009, BVMT-R delayed raw score Z=-2.829, P =0.005; trails B seconds: Z=-2.158, P =0.031).
conclusionsIn a 5-year follow-up of CI, participants demonstrated stability on a global scale in addition to 3 other verbally based cognitive measures. When contrasted with declines on all visually based analog cognitive tests, these preliminary findings in a small and select sample, suggest a beneficial role of CI in enhancing cognition in older recipients. PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE GAP AND EDUCATIONAL NEED: The long-term effect of CI on cognitive status of older adults who are at risk of dementia associated with hearing loss. LEARNING
objectiveLearners will better understand the long-term impact of CI on cognition in older adults. DESIRED
resultTo demonstrate that CI in older adults can improve cognition in certain domains, whereas other domains are unaffected or continue to decline with age. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III. INDICATE IRB OR IACUC: IRB 00083983, The University of Utah.
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