Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026
A novel glucose beta-hydroxybutyrate combination improves hypoglycaemia recovery and patient-reported outcomes in type 1 diabetes.
Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Insulin Activity Varies Widely Across Equivalent Episodes of Hypoglycaemia in Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Beyond Glucose: A Brain Energy Bottleneck Hypothesis for Multi-Energy Substrates in Hypoglycaemia Rescue.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsHypoglycaemia remains a major barrier to optimal diabetes management. Current treatments based on simple sugars have limitations, including rapid glucose fluctuations and persistent neuroglycopenic symptoms. We investigated FLO23011, a novel multi-substrate energy formulation containing glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate, as a superior hypoglycaemia treatment.
methodsTwo studies were conducted: Study A, a randomised, crossover pharmacokinetic investigation in six healthy adults comparing FLO23011 versus standard glucose treatment over 180 min; and Study B, a 12-week randomised, open-label, crossover clinical trial in 12 adults with type 1 diabetes comparing FLO23011 to standard of care. Study B evaluated glycaemic control using continuous glucose monitoring and assessed patient experience through structured questionnaires across 14 domains.
resultsStudy A demonstrated a comparable glucose response between FLO23011 and standard of care (Cmax 7.4 ± 0.3 vs. 7.9 ± 0.2 mmol/L, p = 0.122), but FLO23011 resulted in sustained beta-hydroxybutyrate elevation (Cmax 0.6-1.2 mmol/L). Study B participants experienced 1032 hypoglycaemic episodes, as recorded by continuous glucose monitoring. FLO23011 significantly improved post-hypoglycaemia time in range (82.5% vs. 77.0%, p = 0.019) and reduced recurrent episodes by 27% (p = 0.031). Patient-reported outcomes favoured FLO23011 in 13 of 14 domains.
conclusionsFLO23011 provides superior hypoglycaemia management through improved glycaemic stability, reduced recurrence, and enhanced patient experience compared to current glucose-only treatments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.