Evidence mapPaperPMID 41362151Full record

ArticleClinical pharmacology and therapeutics2026

Characterizing Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia in a Hypertension Population Within the State of Florida Using Electronic Health Record-Based Data.

Eissa A Jafari, Mona Alshahawey, Muhammad A Zaman, Steven M Smith, Yan Gong, Glenn E Smith, Caitrin W McDonough

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Eissa A JafariDepartment of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Mona AlshahaweyDepartment of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7424-2799
Muhammad A ZamanSchool of Information Technology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Steven M SmithCenter for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Yan GongDepartment of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8218-1620
Glenn E SmithDepartment of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1506-9484
Caitrin W McDonoughDepartment of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6393-7288

Funding

1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Outreach, Recruitment and Engagement (ORE) CoreP30AG066506 · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · 2025 to 2025
$1.3M
Development of Integrated Precision Medicine Models in Adults with Cardiovascular DiseaseR03HL172987 · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · 2025 to 2025
$114k
1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center NIH P30 AG066506NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000064NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001427NHLBI NIH HHS K01 HL141690NHLBI NIH HHS R03 HL172123NHLBI NIH HHS R03 HL172987NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066506NIH HHS AG066506NIH HHS K01 HL141690NIH HHS R03 HL172123NIH HHS R03 HL172987NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences UL1TR000064NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences UL1TR001427Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute CDRN-1501-26692Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute RI-CRN-2020-005Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute RI-FLORIDA-01-PS1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hypertension is a known modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD). However, it is unknown how variance in hypertension control, antihypertensive medications, and social determinants of health, such as social deprivation index (SDI), influence the risk of developing ADRD. Validated hypertension computable phenotype algorithms were applied to electronic health record data from the OneFlorida Data Trust (1/1/2013-12/31/2016), to identify apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH), and hypertension-control levels (well-controlled hypertension, intermediate-controlled hypertension, uncontrolled hypertension). The primary outcome was a new ADRD diagnosis using validated ICD-9/10 codes. Multiple adjusted stepwise logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with ADRD development. ADRD cumulative hazard incidence per hypertension control levels was assessed using the Nelson-Aalen estimator and log-rank test. A total of 57,273 hypertension patients with 6401 (11%) incident ADRD cases were included in the analysis. The average age was 67 years, with 57% females and 32% identifying as Black or African American. aTRH was a significant ADRD predictor (OR: 1.327, 95% CI: 1.234-1.427), compared to other hypertension phenotypes. aTRH was also significantly associated with a higher incidence of ADRD over time (P < 0.0001). Patients prescribed thiazide diuretics (OR: 0.894, 95% CI: 0.837-0.956) and fixed-dose combination medications (OR: 0.804, 95% CI: 0.732-0.882) had a lower risk of ADRD. A linear relationship between SDI quartiles and ADRD risk was found. aTRH was significantly associated with the development of ADRD. Our study also highlights the importance of comprehensive hypertension control and socioeconomic interventions in preventing or reducing ADRD risk in hypertension patients.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseDementiaElectronic Health RecordsHypertensionAgedAged, 80 and overAntihypertensive AgentsFemaleFloridaHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsAntihypertensive Agents

Identifiers

PMID41362151
PMCPMC12882762

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.