ReviewInternational journal of biological sciences2026
Mechanical Microenvironment in Tumor Immune Evasion: Bidirectional Regulation Between Matrix Stiffness and Immune Cells and Its Therapeutic Implications.
Review in International journal of biological sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunogenic Cell Death Induced by EEO in Breast Cancer Cells Promotes Dendritic Cell Activation in a CRT-Dependent Manner.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Spatial ecotype in tumor immune exclusion: from spatial architecture to therapeutic strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Nanomedicine targeting ECM stiffness: restoring mechanical homeostasis for cancer immunotherapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Study of Matrix Stiffness Promoting Lymph Node Metastasis in Cervical Cancer by Regulating NETs Formation via Piezo1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The mechano-immunological landscape in the tumor microenvironment: From mechanical sensing to a new therapeutic paradigm.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Tumor-Associated Neutrophils and Desmoplastic Reaction in the Breast Cancer Tumor Microenvironment: A Comprehensive Review.Cancers · 2026Review
- Piezo1 as a mechanical checkpoint in T cell immunotherapy for solid tumors.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Tumor-driven stabilization of CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Beyond density: mapping the functional landscapes of macrophage-T lymphocyte niches in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Beyond Structure: The Dynamic Role of the Extracellular Matrix Components in Immune Evasion.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2026Review
- Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy resistance of esophageal carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Hemodynamics and matrix stiffness shape the pathogenicity of SPP1Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mechanical Microenvironment-Dependent Tumor Growth Intervention: Recent Advances and Translational Outlook.Technology in cancer research & treatmentReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune evasion remains a major obstacle to effective cancer immunotherapy. While the regulatory mechanisms of the tumor biochemical microenvironment are relatively well-characterized, the role of its mechanical microenvironment-particularly pathologically elevated matrix stiffness-in immune evasion remains to be fully elucidated. Immune cells, as dynamic responders within the tumor microenvironment, are not merely passive recipients of mechanical signals but also active participants in driving pathological matrix stiffening. This review focuses on the elevated matrix stiffness resulting from abnormal deposition and crosslinking of the tumor extracellular matrix, systematically elucidating how it impairs immune cell function and drives immune evasion through physical barriers and mechanotransduction. Additionally, we further propose an innovative concept: the "matrix stiffness-immune cell bidirectional regulatory axis." Dissecting this regulatory loop provides an essential mechanical perspective for understanding immune evasion and offers a conceptual framework for developing matrix-targeted strategies to enhance immunotherapy. By integrating current evidence, this review aims to clarify the role of this bidirectional axis and to identify novel therapeutic targets and strategies that may improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies.
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