ArticleJournal of virology2026
Reactive oxygen species promotion drives auranofin's antiviral activity against hepatitis E virus.
Article in Journal of virology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes roughly 20 million yearly global infections and is associated with chronic hepatitis, neurological sequelae, and pregnancy-related adverse outcomes that require antiviral intervention. While there are no approved HEV-specific therapeutics, ribavirin and pegylated interferon, prescribed off-label, remain the current standard of care. However, ribavirin resistance and toxicity highlight the unmet clinical need to identify safer, HEV-specific antivirals. Here, we identify reactive oxygen species (ROS) promotion as a previously unrecognized host-directed antiviral mechanism against HEV, revealed through the activity of the FDA-approved drug auranofin. Auranofin, which is known to elevate intracellular ROS, displays antiviral activity against several viruses. We revealed here that auranofin exhibits robust, dose-dependent antiviral activity against two clinically relevant HEV genotypes and a ribavirin treatment failure-associated mutant. ROS inhibition reversed auranofin-mediated ROS promotion and antiviral activity, establishing a mechanistic link between ROS promotion and antiviral activity. Treatment with D-amino acid oxidase, which breaks down D-amino acids producing the ROS H IMPORTANCE: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) lacks approved virus-specific antiviral therapies, and off-label treatments with ribavirin and pegylated interferon are limited by toxicity and emerging resistance mutants. This study identifies reactive oxygen species (ROS) promotion mediated by the FDA-approved drug auranofin and D-amino acid oxidase as an effective antiviral strategy against multiple genotypes of HEV, including two globally relevant human-associated genotypes and a ribavirin treatment failure-associated HEV mutant. The observed synergistic anti-HEV activity
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