ArticleACS nano2025
Double-Emulsion Perfluorocarbon Nanodroplets for Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Image-Guided Drug Delivery and Release.
Article in ACS nano, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phase-change perfluorocarbon nanodroplets enable spatiotemporal control of ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging and therapy.Biomedical engineering letters · 2026Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Phase-change perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (PFCnDs) have shown potential for controlled, image-guided drug delivery. However, their clinical translation is limited by the poor encapsulation of hydrophilic therapeutics and unintended cargo release during ultrasound (US) or photoacoustic (PA) imaging. In this study, we present the development of double-emulsion perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (dePFCnDs) designed to encapsulate hydrophilic payloads while enabling efficient, real-time, focused ultrasound (FUS) triggered release. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy revealed that the dePFCnDs consist of a hydrophilic inner core surrounded by a perfluorocarbon layer that supports US/PA imaging. Compared to conventional single-emulsion PFCnDs, the double-emulsion structure significantly enhanced the loading efficiency tested using the fluorescent hydrophilic model drug, calcein. Furthermore, improved stability was demonstrated showing minimal calcein leakage under imaging conditions. Release studies demonstrated selective responsiveness of dePFCnDs to FUS stimulation, with negligible response to thermal or laser triggers. Optimizing focused ultrasound parameters further enhances release efficiency, enabling precise spatial and temporal control. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the feasibility of utilizing real-time US/PA tracking of droplet localization, and changes in US/PA signal as a proxy for payload release. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential of dePFCnDs as a hydrophilic therapeutics carrier that provides a robust, safe, and effective platform for ultrasound-mediated, image-guided delivery and release.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.