Evidence mapPaperPMID 41364086Full record

ArticleDiabetes care2026

Longitudinal Analysis of Liver Chemistry Trajectories and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Children With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Nhat Quang N Thai, Lauren F Chun, Kimberly P Newton, Laura Wilson, Stavra A Xanthakos, Cynthia Behling, Rany M Salem, Gretchen Bandoli, John Alcaraz, Noe Crespo and 1 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Nhat Quang N ThaiDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA.
Lauren F ChunDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA.
Kimberly P NewtonDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA.
Laura WilsonJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
Stavra A XanthakosDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's, Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.
Cynthia BehlingDepartment of Pathology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA.
Rany M SalemUniversity of California San Diego Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, La Jolla, CA.
Gretchen BandoliUniversity of California San Diego Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, La Jolla, CA.
John AlcarazSan Diego State University School of Public Health, San Diego, CA.
Noe CrespoSan Diego State University School of Public Health, San Diego, CA.
Jeffrey B SchwimmerDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA.ORCID 0000-0001-8538-2877

Funding

Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational SciencesUL1TR002345 · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · 2025 to 2025
$9.3M
Clinical Research Network in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepati*U01DK061730 · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · 2002 to 2005
$5.4M
Data Coordinating Center for the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network (NASH CRN) ContinuationU24DK061730 · NIDDK · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · 2022 to 2025
$2.5M
Clinical Research Network in Nonalcoholic SteatohepatitisU01DK061728 · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · 2002 to 2025
$2.2M
The Saint Louis University Component of the NASH Clinical Research NetworkU01DK061718 · SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY · 2002 to 2025
$2.1M
NASH PROJECTU01DK061732 · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · 2002 to 2025
$2.0M
Collaborative Clinical Research in Nonalcoholic SteatohepatitisU01DK061737 · INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS · 2002 to 2025
$2.0M
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network (NASH CRN)U01DK061738 · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · 2002 to 2025
$1.9M
Pediatric Trials in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)U01DK061734 · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · 2002 to 2025
$1.9M
Pathogenesis, prognosis, and treatment of NAFLD patientsU01DK061713 · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · 2002 to 2025
$1.6M
NASH CRNNational Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) UL1TR000004National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) UL1TR000006National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) UL1TR000077National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) UL1TR000100National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) UL1TR000150National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) UL1TR000423National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) UL1TR000448National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) UL1TR000454National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) U01DK061713National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) U01DK061718National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) U01DK061728National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) U01DK061730National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) U01DK061732National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) U01DK061734National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) U01DK061737National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) U01DK061738National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) U24DK061730NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000004NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000006NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000077NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000100NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000150NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000423NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000448NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000454NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002345NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK061713NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK061718NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK061728NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK061730NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK061732NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK061734NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK061737NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK061738NIDDK NIH HHS U24 DK061730
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in children and is linked to type 2 diabetes. This study evaluates whether longitudinal changes in liver chemistries-γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)-can serve as biomarkers of increased type 2 diabetes risk in children with MASLD. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsThis multicenter longitudinal cohort study followed 1,035 children with biopsy-confirmed MASLD, without type 2 diabetes at baseline, for a mean of 3.9 years. Liver chemistries were measured annually, and type 2 diabetes was diagnosed based on fasting glucose, HbA1c, and clinical diagnosis. Extended Cox models with inverse probability weighting were used to evaluate associations between liver enzyme trajectories and type 2 diabetes risk.

resultsThe cumulative incidence of type 2 diabetes was 12.3%. Increases in GGT (hazard ratio [HR] 1.55; 95% CI 1.34-1.80), AST (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.20-1.43), and ALT (HR 1.13; 95% CI 1.07-1.20) were associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the independent models. In the mutual model with all three liver chemistries, only GGT and AST remained significant.

conclusionsA 30-unit increase in GGT over time was associated with a substantially higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes in children with MASLD. Together with AST, GGT may provide clinicians with concrete, routinely available parameters to monitor for early risk stratification. Further validation in independent cohorts is needed to confirm these findings and inform clinical application.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Fatty LiverLiverAdolescentAlanine TransaminaseAspartate AminotransferasesBiomarkersChildCohort StudiesFemalegamma-GlutamyltransferaseHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleRisk FactorsAlanine TransaminaseAspartate AminotransferasesBiomarkersgamma-Glutamyltransferase

Identifiers

PMID41364086
PMCPMC13001813

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.