Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41364197›Full record

ArticleDiabetologia2026

Impact of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy on cardiopulmonary, sympathoadrenal and metabolic responses to physical exercise in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Olivia M McCarthy, Rasmus B Brødsgaard, Sandra Tawfik, Sissel Banner Lundemose, Emilie B Lindkvist, Sara H Naaman, Christian Stevns Hansen, Richard M Bracken, Kirsten Nørgaard

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In one paragraph

Article in Diabetologia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Olivia M McCarthyCopenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark. Olivia.Mary.McCarthy@regionh.dk.
Rasmus B BrødsgaardCopenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
Sandra TawfikCopenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
Sissel Banner LundemoseCopenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
Emilie B LindkvistCopenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
Sara H NaamanCopenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
Christian Stevns HansenCopenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
Richard M BrackenApplied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
Kirsten NørgaardCopenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aims/hypothesisThe aim of this work was to compare the cardiopulmonary, sympathoadrenal and metabolic responses to physical exercise in adults with type 1 diabetes with or without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN).

methodsData collected during a graded maximal exercise test (GXT) from 24 participants with type 1 diabetes and CAN were compared against 24 matched control individuals without CAN (NO CAN). Throughout exercise, integrated cardiopulmonary variables were obtained continuously via spiroergometry. Plasma concentrations of adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), glucose (PG) and lactate (PLa) were measured in 3 min intervals during exercise as well as at the peak workload. Data were assessed via independent t tests and two-factor ANOVAs with significance accepted at p≤0.05.

resultsParticipants with CAN displayed a reduced CONCLUSIONS/

interpretationIn adults with type 1 diabetes, CAN was associated with exercise intolerance characterised by impairments in various cardiopulmonary, sympathoadrenal system and metabolic responses to GXT. These data support uncovering the presence of CAN when prescribing a personalised physical training plan.

Indexed as

Autonomic Nervous System DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetic NeuropathiesExerciseAdultBlood GlucoseEpinephrineExercise TestFemaleHeart RateHumansLactic AcidMaleMiddle AgedNorepinephrineBlood GlucoseEpinephrineLactic AcidNorepinephrineCardiopulmonary exercise testingCardiovascular autonomic neuropathyExerciseGraded exercise testingType 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41364197
PMCPMC12881125

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.