Evidence mapPaperPMID 41364416Full record

ArticleDiabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders2026

Temporal Changes in SGLT2 Inhibitor and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes, 2012-2023: A US Cohort Study.

Catherine B Johannes, Craig I Coleman, Csaba P Kovesdy, Anam M Khan, Ryan Ziemiecki, J Bradley Layton, David Vizcaya, Fangfang Liu, Nikolaus G Oberprieler

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT05526157. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05526157 completed

FINErenone druG Utilization Study and Assessment of Temporal Changes Following Availability of Different Treatment Options in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes

Ran2022Enrolled50,000Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons0ConditionsChronic Kidney Disease, Type 2 Diabetes MellitusArmsFinerenone (Kerendia, BAY 948862), Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP 1 RA), Non-steroidal mineral corticoid receptor antagonists (nsMRA), Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), Steroidal mineral corticoid receptor antagonists (sMRA)
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Catherine B JohannesRTI Health Solutions, Waltham, MA, USA.
Craig I ColemanUniversity of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT, USA.
Csaba P KovesdyDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
Anam M KhanRTI Health Solutions, Waltham, MA, USA. amkhan@rti.org.
Ryan ZiemieckiRTI Health Solutions, Durham, NC, USA.
J Bradley LaytonRTI Health Solutions, Durham, NC, USA.
David VizcayaBayer AG, Berlin, Germany.
Fangfang LiuBayer AG, Berlin, Germany.
Nikolaus G OberprielerBayer AG, Berlin, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionType 2 diabetes is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Individuals with both conditions have increased risk of poor cardiorenal outcomes and mortality. The rapidly evolving landscape for CKD-protective therapies in type 2 diabetes currently includes sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), both of which demonstrate cardiorenal outcome benefits. As part of the FOUNTAIN platform (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05526157; EUPAS ID: EUPAS48148), this study aimed to better understand changes in patient characteristics and treatment patterns corresponding with updates to clinical guideline recommendations and drug labeling and the emergence of new CKD-protective therapies such as finerenone in the US in 2021-2022.

methodsAn observational real-world data study assessed patient characteristics and drug utilization in separate SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA new-user cohorts of adults with CKD and type 2 diabetes in an earlier (1 January 2012-30 June 2021) and a later (9 July 2021-30 September 2023) period using Optum's de-identified Clinformatics

resultsCompared with the earlier period new users, later period new users in both cohorts were older, had more severe CKD, used less intensive type 2 diabetes medication, and had better metabolic control; SGLT2i new users more frequently had no type 2 diabetes therapy before the index date and greater congestive heart failure prevalence; and GLP-1 RA new users had increased SGLT2i use and decreased insulin use.

conclusionsThese findings inform and contextualize future studies assessing cardiorenal outcomes for these and additional treatments, including finerenone, for individuals with CKD and type 2 diabetes.

Indexed as

Chronic kidney diseaseDiabetes mellitus, type 2Drug utilizationFOUNTAINGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistsRenal insufficiency, chronicSodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID41364416
PMCPMC12909696

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.