Evidence mapPaperPMID 41366148Full record

ReviewJournal of neuro-oncology2025

Immunotherapy and targeted therapy for high grade gliomas: current and future directions.

Brian Hsueh, Samuel J Steuart, Angel O Odukoya, Briana C Prager, Young Joon Kim, Cameron M Hill, Bryan D Choi, Gavin P Dunn

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Brian Hsueh *Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Samuel J Steuart *Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Angel O Odukoya *Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Briana C PragerDepartment of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Young Joon KimDepartment of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Cameron M HillDepartment of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Bryan D ChoiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Gavin P DunnDepartment of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. gpdunn@mgh.harvard.edu.

Funding

NIH HHS 2UE5NS065743NIH HHS 5R01CA294071NIH HHS 5R01NS112712
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHigh grade gliomas are aggressive intrinsic brain tumors with limited treatment options and a universally poor prognosis. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the genetic and molecular underpinnings of high grade gliomas and their interactions with the tumor microenvironment, including vasculature, immune cells, neurons, and glia, and, consequently, in the development of novel molecularly targeted therapies and immunotherapies.

methodsHere, we review ongoing work in the clinical development of new therapeutic strategies for high grade gliomas, discuss ongoing challenges, and highlight emerging opportunities for targeted intervention, with particular focus on molecularly targeted and immunotherapy in recent and ongoing clinical trials.

resultsWe discuss relevant molecular targets in high grade glioma, including IDH, VEGF, RTK signaling (EGFR, PI3K/Akt, Ras/Raf/MEK), p53, CDKN2A/B, CDK4/6, MGMT, PARP, TERT, and ATRX, as well as contemporary immunotherapeutic strategies including immune checkpoint inhibition (including classical and emerging targets), cell-based immunotherapy (CAR-T cells, TCR therapy, TIL therapy, and other engineered cell therapies), cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses, as well as emerging mechanisms including cancer neuroscience-based therapies.

conclusionsHigh grade glioma is a networked disease, involving numerous interconnected molecular and microenvironmental phenomena from tumor-intrinsic pathways and antigenicity to immune recognition and attack to neuronal modulation of both tumor and immune signaling. Emerging therapies harness several of these intersectional mechanisms, often simultaneously, and together offer hope for the future of clinical treatment of these devastating cancers.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsGliomaImmunotherapyMolecular Targeted TherapyHumansTumor MicroenvironmentClinical trialsGlioblastomaGliomaImmunotherapyMolecular therapyTargeted therapyTumor microenvironment

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.