ArticleNPJ Parkinson's disease2025
Brain-derived extracellular vesicle proteomics reveals neuroprotection induced by the ARB candesartan in Parkinson's disease patients.
Article in NPJ Parkinson's disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Oleuropein Attenuates 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Cytotoxicity Through Redox Regulation in Differentiated Dopaminergic Neurons: Potential Involvement of RET-Associated Signalling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Brain-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations: from Bulk Measurements to Single-Entity Assays.JACS Au · 2026Review
- Ang II-mediated effects on BBB integrity in psychiatric and neurological disorders.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In models of Parkinson's disease (PD), angiotensin-II type-1 receptor (AT1) blockers (ARBs) mitigated the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons, which aligns with recent transcriptomic studies of human brains showing increased susceptibility of dopaminergic neurons with high AGTR1 expression, and with epidemiological data indicating an ARB-related reduction in PD incidence. However, there is no experimental evidence in PD patients. Using a minimally invasive strategy based on the isolation of blood extracellular vesicles (EVs) from neuronal, microglial/macrophage, astrocytic, and oligodendrocytic origin, we report proteomic profiles from patients treated with the ARB candesartan. Candesartan treatment led to the differential expression of key proteins involved in PD pathogenesis: 46 in neuron-derived EVs, 48 in microglia/macrophage-derived EVs, 22 in astrocyte-derived EVs, and 92 in oligodendrocyte-derived EVs. Our findings provide the first direct molecular evidence of neuroprotective mechanisms triggered by ARBs in PD patients and support the rationale for larger clinical trials on ARB repurposing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.