ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2025
The heart-brain axis: unraveling the interconnections between cardiovascular and Alzheimer's diseases.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Qur'anic heart and converging evidence from contemporary cardiac science: From qalb to cardioception.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Brain Aging Mediating Heart Imaging-Derived Phenotypes and Mental and Nervous System Disorders.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Targeting the cardio-neuro axis through nutrition: inflammatory mechanisms linking cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Research hotspots and trend of the heart-brain axis by MRI: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence in neurocardiology: decoding brain-heart network interactions for clinical and translational insights.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and recent research has increasingly illuminated a complex, bidirectional relationship between the two. This review synthesizes epidemiological, mechanistic, imaging, and genetic evidence linking CVD and AD through the heart-brain axis-a network of interrelated physiological and demographic pathways. We detail how cerebral hypoperfusion, inflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, imbalance of the autonomic nervous system, and systemic amyloidosis contribute to shared neurodegenerative and cardiovascular outcomes. Multi-organ imaging studies, including MRI and PET, reveal that dysfunction of the cardiovascular system correlates with brain atrophy, white matter lesions, glymphatic impairment, and accumulation of AD-related proteinopathies. Genetic analyses further support overlapping risk architectures, particularly involving APOE and loci associated with lipid metabolism, vascular integrity, and inflammation. Age and sex are critical modifiers, with midlife CVD exerting the strongest influence on later cognitive decline, and sex-specific physiological responses shaping disease susceptibility. Finally, we explore how modifiable lifestyle factors, pharmacologic interventions, and precision medicine approaches targeting inflammatory and vascular pathways can jointly reduce the burden of both CVD and AD. Multidisciplinary collaboration to understand the interconnected biology of the heart and brain is essential for advancing integrated prevention and treatment strategies in aging populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.