ArticleTranslational lung cancer research2025
Establishment and characterization of an orthotopic implanted lung cancer model to mimic human tumor structure, microenvironment, and metastatic spread.
Article in Translational lung cancer research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Precision Multimodal Nanodynamic Therapy for Lung Cancer: From Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Platforms to Cell-Death Reprogramming and Immune Remodeling.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Subcutaneous (SC) lung tumor models are widely used in preclinical studies due to their technical simplicity but fail to recapitulate the complex microenvironment, immune landscape, and metastatic behavior of human lung cancers. These limitations hinder the translational value of such models, particularly in evaluating immunotherapies and metastasis-related mechanisms. There is a critical need for more physiologically relevant Methods: We established and characterized a thoracotomy-based LuO model using a panel of human and murine lung cancer cell lines implanted into the pulmonary parenchyma of immunodeficient and syngeneic mice. Tumor progression was monitored longitudinally using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and micro-computed tomography (CT). Comparative analyses with SC tumors were performed using immunohistochemistry, multiplexed immunofluorescence, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and spontaneous metastases were isolated and functionally characterized. Results: The orthotopic model reliably generated solitary intrapulmonary tumors that closely mimic human lung cancer in growth pattern, vascularization, and progression. Compared to SC tumors, orthotopic tumors exhibited significantly enhanced vascular density, reduced hypoxia and DNA damage, and increased proliferation. Immune profiling revealed enriched and spatially organized infiltrates of CD4 Conclusions: This LuO model offers a reproducible, clinically relevant platform that captures important aspects of human lung cancer biology, including immune landscape, tumor microenvironment (TME), and metastatic progression. Its superior anatomical and immunological fidelity makes it a valuable preclinical tool for evaluating therapeutic strategies and dissecting molecular mechanisms of metastasis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.