ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Immunocyte-derived extracellular vesicles in osteoimmunology: mechanisms, disease contexts, and translational prospects.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Trained immunity in inflammatory bone disease: a bibliometric and literature-level text-mining analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- The recent progression of extracellular vesicles application in osteoporosis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Biomaterial physicochemical properties govern immune activation and bone regeneration: a titanium-focused design-oriented osteoimmunological framework.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bone remodeling disorders such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis highlight the clinical significance of osteoimmune communication. Osteoimmunology has emerged as a key interdisciplinary field elucidating the dynamic interplay between the immune and skeletal systems, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) recognized as nanosized mediators that transport proteins, lipids, and RNAs to regulate bone remodeling. Immunocyte-derived EVs modulate osteoblast and osteoclast activity through macrophage polarization, Treg-associated CD73/adenosine signaling, Th17/Treg balance, and B cell-bone interactions, exerting dual effects by promoting bone formation under physiological conditions while amplifying inflammation and bone resorption in osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis. Bidirectional communication between bone marrow stromal cell-derived EVs and immune cells further highlights the complexity of EV-mediated regulation in bone microenvironments. Moreover, engineering approaches such as cargo loading, surface modification, and biomaterial integration are rapidly advancing the therapeutic application of EVs in bone diseases. Despite these advances, challenges remain in EV standardization, scalable production, and clinical translation, underscoring that immunocyte-derived EVs represent both pathogenic mediators and promising therapeutic agents, with future studies required to resolve mechanistic complexity and optimize their clinical utility. Engineered EVs enable targeted modulation of CD73-adenosine, NF-κB, HIF-1α, and PI3K/AKT axes, offering bone-targeting delivery and immune-instructive biomaterials as converging strategies. These insights highlight immunocyte-derived EVs as both biomarkers and therapeutic candidates in bone disorders, and underscore the need for standardized approaches to advance their clinical utility in osteoimmunology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.