ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Functional roles of immune cells in osteoporosis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Trained immunity in inflammatory bone disease: a bibliometric and literature-level text-mining analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- The role of CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Matrix Competence Failure in Osteoporosis: Mechanosensing, Osteoimmune Crosstalk, and Fragility Beyond Bone Mineral Density.Current medical science · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Links Underlying the Comorbidity of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis: Cell Fate Plasticity Driven by the Subchondral Bone Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Macrophage polarization-related genes with potential causal roles in osteoporosis: a multi-omics Mendelian randomization study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Nutritional Biomarkers, Bone Turnover, and Oxidative DNA Damage in Postmenopausal Women with Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Aging-Driven Inter-Organ Crosstalk in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: From Immunometabolic Drift to Multisystem Frailty.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- RANKL-convergent osteoimmune network framework in osteoporosis: integrating macrophage activation, T-cell imbalance, and cytokine crosstalk.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Epoxomicin-functionalized thermosensitive hydrogel rescues bone defects in osteoporosis by the NF-κB signaling pathway.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Article
- Advanced bone-targeted nanomaterials for the systemic treatment of osteoporosis.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Tri-Functional MgTA@MnOInternational journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Immune cell senescence and chronic bone diseases: osteoimmune mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Beyond resorption: targeting osteoclast fusion and polarization to restore balanced bone remodeling.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Fueling bone loss: the immunometabolic reprogramming of the bone microenvironment in diabetic osteoporosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune-inflammatory and metabolic signatures for osteoporosis risk stratification in primary Sjögren's syndrome: development and internal validation of an interpretable machine-learning model.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mass and deterioration of the bone microarchitecture, resulting in an increased risk of fragility fractures. Emerging evidence underscores the crucial role of immune cells as central regulators of bone metabolism. Various immune cells, including T lymphocytes and their subsets, such as TH1, TH2, TH17, and Treg cells, as well as B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, mast cells, and eosinophils, orchestrate bone remodeling through complex mechanisms. These mechanisms include direct and indirect regulation of osteoclast differentiation and osteoblast function, often mediated by cytokine networks. For example, T-cell subsets exert diverse and sometimes opposing effects, whereas B cells modulate the RANKL/OPG axis. Macrophages exhibit a biphasic role, with pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes differentially influencing bone homeostasis. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the functional contributions of immune cells to osteoporosis pathogenesis, highlighting their therapeutic potential for innovative treatment strategies.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.