Evidence mapPaperPMID 41368879Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)2025

The Prognostic Value of Insulin Resistance Indices for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Young and Middle-Aged Patients With Hypertension.

Xi Chen, Wei Meng, Bin Zhu, Weixin Li, Yichuan Zheng, Xingli Yang, Jingyi Wang, Wenqi Zhao, Qiuwen Wu, Shuo Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Xi ChenDepartment of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7888-6513
Wei MengDepartment of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Bin ZhuDepartment of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Weixin LiDepartment of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Yichuan ZhengDepartment of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Xingli YangDepartment of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Jingyi WangDepartment of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Wenqi ZhaoDepartment of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Qiuwen WuDepartment of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Shuo ZhangDepartment of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.

Funding

Heilongjiang Graduate Excellence Funding Program LJYXL2024-064Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund LBH-Z24229Heilongjiang Provincial Major Science and Technology Project 2023ZX02C08
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Young and middle-aged adults with hypertension develop the disease earlier and accrue longer exposure to elevated blood pressure, conferring higher lifetime cardiovascular risk. However, reliable markers predicting long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in this group remain unclear. Insulin resistance (IR) is crucial to hypertensive pathophysiology, but direct measurement is impractical. We evaluated the prognostic value of three laboratory-derived IR indices, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, the triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (TG/HDL-C), and the metabolic score for IR (METS-IR), in predicting MACEs. In this retrospective cohort of 4861 patients aged 18-65 years with primary hypertension, baseline indices were calculated and classified into tertiles. Patients were followed for a median of 73 months, during which 372 MACEs occurred. Multivariable Cox regression showed that higher TyG, TG/HDL-C, and METS-IR were independently associated with increased MACEs risk. In fully adjusted models, each standard deviation increase in METS-IR conferred a 55.7% higher risk (HR = 1.557, 95% CI: 1.154-2.101, p < 0.01), and patients in the highest tertile had more than double the risk vs. the lowest. METS-IR showed superior discrimination (AUC = 0.803, 95% CI: 0.774-0.886) and significant net reclassification improvement (NRI = 0.147, 95% CI: 0.073-0.239, p = 0.001) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI = 0.006, 95% CI: 0.002-0.010, p = 0.002), whereas TyG showed borderline benefit and TG/HDL-C offered no incremental value. These findings highlight METS-IR as a pragmatic predictor of long-term cardiovascular risk in younger hypertensive patients, supporting its integration into clinical risk stratification.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesHypertensionInsulin ResistanceAdolescentAdultAgedBiomarkersBlood GlucoseCholesterol, HDLFemaleHumansMaleMetabolic SyndromeMiddle AgedPrognosisRetrospective StudiesBiomarkersBlood GlucoseCholesterol, HDLTriglycerideshypertension in middle‐aged and young adultsinsulin resistancemajor adverse cardiovascular eventsmetabolic score for insulin resistancetriglyceride and glucose indextriglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio

Identifiers

PMID41368879
PMCPMC12690301

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.