Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41369442›Full record

ReviewNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Nanotoxicity of Porous Silica Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Properties and Mechanistic Cellular Endpoints.

Trisha Patel, Callum Clipstone, Umakhanth Venkatraman Girija, Zeeshan Ahmad, Neenu Singh

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Toxicity of nanostructures in drug delivery applications.Pharmaceutical science advances · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Trisha PatelLeicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.ORCID 0009-0000-1932-2892
Callum ClipstoneLeicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
Umakhanth Venkatraman GirijaLeicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
Zeeshan AhmadDivision of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Neenu SinghLeicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7620-9984

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental aspects of nanoparticles (NPs), emphasizing their physicochemical properties and biological interactions, with particular focus on porous silica nanoparticles (PSNs). The review provides information on the Safe-by-design (SbD) S.A.F.E. (Standardised characterization, Assessment of biocompatibility, Facilitation of toxicity and exposure routes and Evaluation of clinical translation) framework. It discusses critical factors influencing NP toxicity and cellular uptake, including particle size, shape, pore size, surface charge, surface functionalisation, and crystallinity. The review also examines exposure routes of NPs-inhalation, dermal, oral, systemic and mucosal-and their subsequent biological effects. A key section is dedicated to the formation of the protein corona, a critical determinant of NP fate in biological systems, and its influence on circulation time, immune clearance and cellular responses. Particular attention is given to assessing the biological interactions of the PSNs and the mechanisms underlying PSN-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, with a focus on the assays commonly employed to evaluate these effects. The review explores the use of gene expression profiling as a powerful tool to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying nanoparticle-induced cellular changes. This review aims to provide an integrated perspective on the SbD considerations and safety implications of nanomaterials. It highlights the need for a deeper understanding of complex biological interactions to establish SbD principles and enable the translation of PSNs into clinical applications. Finally, current regulatory frameworks and guidelines for testing nanomaterials, including PSNs, that support their safe and sustainable development are discussed.

Indexed as

clinical translationcytotoxicitygenotoxicityimmunogenicitynanotoxicityphysicochemical characterizationporous silica nanoparticlessafety

Identifiers

PMID41369442
PMCPMC12693477

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.