Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41369443›Full record

ReviewNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025

From Nature to Nanomedicine: Green-Synthesized Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Oral Cancer Drug Delivery.

Doaa S R Khafaga, Youssef Basem, Mariam Mohamed Ali, Rawan S Elsharkawy, Ayda H El-Gouhari, Shimaa S Attia

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Doaa S R KhafagaDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Sector, Galala University, New Galala City 43511, Suez, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0002-0576-0100
Youssef BasemMedical and Pharmaceutical Industrial Biotechnology Department, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City 12566, Giza, Egypt.ORCID 0009-0007-3529-4706
Mariam Mohamed AliFaculty of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City 11829, Cairo, Egypt.ORCID 0009-0000-6846-2402
Rawan S ElsharkawyFaculty of Medicine, Galala University, New Galala City 43511, Suez, Egypt.ORCID 0009-0007-5839-9383
Ayda H El-GouhariFaculty of Medicine, Galala University, New Galala City 43511, Suez, Egypt.
Shimaa S AttiaAnatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Abaseya 11566, Cairo, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Oral cancer represents one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates primarily due to late diagnosis, limited therapeutic efficacy, systemic toxicity, and recurrence following conventional treatments. Traditional chemotherapeutic drugs, while effective to a certain extent, often suffer from poor bioavailability, nonspecific targeting, and multidrug resistance, highlighting the importance of innovative therapeutic strategies. Nanomedicine has emerged as a promising alternative, providing site-specific delivery, enhanced drug stability, and improved therapeutic outcomes. Among various nanoparticles (NPs), metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs), such as zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and copper oxide, have demonstrated potent anticancer activity due to their high surface area, tunable physicochemical properties, and ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent progress in green synthesis approaches, employing plant extracts, microbes, and biopolymers as reducing and stabilizing agents, has further advanced the development of biocompatible and eco-friendly NPs. These green-synthesized NPs minimize toxic byproducts and allow their functionalization with herbal compounds and conventional drugs, offering synergistic effects against oral cancer. This review highlights the limitations of traditional treatments, examines the role of nanomedicine, and discusses the application of green-synthesized MONPs as drug delivery platforms for oral cancer management. It also addresses challenges such as standardization, scalability, safety concerns, and regulatory barriers, while outlining future perspectives that integrate green nanotechnology with precision medicine. Collectively, green nanomedicine offers a sustainable and innovative paradigm with the potential to revolutionize oral cancer therapy.

Indexed as

drug deliverygreen synthesisherbsmetal oxide nanoparticlesnanomedicineoral cancer

Identifiers

PMID41369443
PMCPMC12692872

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.