ReviewParasitology research2025
The history of giardiasis.
Review in Parasitology research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2026Review
- Regarding the Zoonotic Transmission ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- The history of cryptosporidiosis.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review paper outlines the history of giardiasis caused by Giardia duodenalis. Discovered in 1681, G. duodenalis is probably the first protozoan parasite ever observed by a human. Despite the early discovery, the taxonomic status of the protozoan remained uncertain for a long time. The reason for this is that G. duodenalis is a species complex comprising several phylogenetically distinct genotypes termed assemblages. Initially, it was thought that G. duodenalis is a primitive eukaryote because it lacks many subcellular organelles. However, recent research has shown that the protozoan has diverged from higher eukaryotes and that the lack of subcellular organelles is due to secondary loss and reduction. Based on paleoparasitological findings, G. duodenalis has parasitised humans since antiquity and has probably been spread globally by human migratory activity. Interestingly, it was not until 1987 that the pathogenicity of G. duodenalis was demonstrated for humans. Giardiasis is still a public health problem in the 21st century, particularly in young children living in areas with low hygiene standards.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.