Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41369764›Full record

ArticleInternational urogynecology journal2026

Failure Rate, Time to Failure, and Associated Risk Factors: Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Injection for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence in a Large Cohort.

Erin Kelly, Camille Yearwood, Alykhan Rajwani, May Sanaee, Paul Groves, Jesse Batara

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In one paragraph

Article in International urogynecology journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Erin KellyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Alberta, Rm 5S131, Lois Hole Hospital for Women, Robbins Pavilion, 10240 Kingsway Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T5H 3V9, Canada. eckelly@ualberta.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8730-213X
Camille YearwoodDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Alberta, Rm 5S131, Lois Hole Hospital for Women, Robbins Pavilion, 10240 Kingsway Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T5H 3V9, Canada.
Alykhan RajwaniDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Alberta, Rm 5S131, Lois Hole Hospital for Women, Robbins Pavilion, 10240 Kingsway Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T5H 3V9, Canada.
May SanaeeDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Alberta, Rm 5S131, Lois Hole Hospital for Women, Robbins Pavilion, 10240 Kingsway Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T5H 3V9, Canada.
Paul GrovesDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Alberta, Rm 5S131, Lois Hole Hospital for Women, Robbins Pavilion, 10240 Kingsway Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T5H 3V9, Canada.
Jesse BataraWomen and Children's Health Research Institute, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionStress urinary incontinence (SUI) imposes a high healthcare burden and significantly affects quality of life and daily functioning. While midurethral slings remain the standard surgical treatment, periurethral bulking with polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAHG) is increasingly utilized. Existing studies focus on PAHG success, and have been limited by small sample sizes and short follow-up. This study aimed to assess PAHG failure risk, time to failure, and the likelihood of repeat injections, while identifying associated risk factors. HYPOTHESIS: Periurethral injection with PAHG for SUI in a complex patient cohort, will have a significant failure rate within 24 months, with a mean time to failure under 2 years and a high rate of repeat SUI surgery.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective review of all SUI patients who underwent PAHG injection at a single center from January 1, 2014, to August 31, 2020. We defined subjective PAHG failure as patient-reported recurrent SUI symptoms.

resultsAmong the 256 patients who underwent PAHG injection during the study period, 35.9% (N = 92) experienced PAHG failure within 2 years (mean time to failure 9.061 months (SD 11.60 months)). Repeat PAHG injection was performed in 12% (N = 30), while 15% (N = 38) underwent other incontinence surgery. Multivariable analysis did not show any factors associated with increased risk of PAHG failure.

conclusionsPolyacrylamide hydrogel for SUI, in medically and surgically complex patients, has similar failure rates and mean time to failure, as in uncomplicated patients.

Indexed as

Acrylic ResinsHydrogelsUrinary Incontinence, StressAgedFemaleHumansInjectionsMiddle AgedRecurrenceRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsTime FactorsTreatment FailureAcrylic ResinsHydrogelspolyacrylamide gelsBulkamid®Periurethral injectionPolyacrylamide hydrogelStress urinary incontinence

Identifiers

PMID41369764

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.