Evidence mapPaperPMID 41370298Full record

ArticlePloS one2025

Creating a Research-Ready Data Asset version of primary care data for Wales and investigating the impact of COVID-19 on utilisation of primary care services.

Hoda Abbasizanjani, Stuart Bedston, Ashley Akbari

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Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Hoda AbbasizanjaniPopulation Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9575-4758
Stuart BedstonPopulation Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5635-5957
Ashley AkbariPopulation Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0814-0801

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWe developed an efficient Research-Ready Data Asset (RRDA) for the Welsh Longitudinal General Practice (WLGP) data within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank to standardise curation, enhance reproducibility, and facilitate research on primary care trends. Using this, we investigated primary care activity trends during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

methodsThe RRDA involves cleaning, curation using GP-registration history, and transforming data into a structured, normalised format to support efficient large-scale queries. A comprehensive clinical code look-up was developed, incorporating official, local, and supplementary categories to enhance event classification. To enable patient-practice interaction analysis, a four-layer approach was developed to capture healthcare providers, access mode, interaction type, and event details. We assessed RRDA coverage, defined as the proportion of residents with shared primary care records, stratified by demographic and geographic factors, using longitudinal binomial Generalised Additive Mixed Models (GAMMs). We categorised GP events into key activity types and summarised averaged daily rates per month per 100,000 people (2000-2024), with trends analysed using negative binomial GAMMs.

resultsCurating 4.6 billion records for 5.1 million people (1990-2024) revealed significant improvements in data quality and completeness over time, with data retention increased from 40% to 94%, and patient inclusion from 43% to 98%. Use of SNOMED-CT and local codes increased after Read-V2 discontinuation in 2018, while invalid codes declined-reflecting evolving coding practices and improved data quality. WLGP RRDA coverage rose from 35% in 1990 to 86% in 2024, with regional variation but modest demographic differences. From 2000 to 2024, consultation rates rose by 1.9 times, with post-COVID-19 pandemic levels 8% above 2019. Prescription-only activity doubled with little variation associated with the pandemic. Vaccination rates spiked during the pandemic, and remain 1.8 times above pre-pandemic levels. Other less frequent activities were significantly disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic but recovered to 2019 levels.

conclusionsThe WLGP RRDA improves the usability of primary care data, supporting timely, scalable analysis of healthcare delivery and system-level trends.

Indexed as

COVID-19Primary Health CareDatabases, FactualElectronic Health RecordsFemaleHumansMalePandemicsSARS-CoV-2Wales

Identifiers

PMID41370298
PMCPMC12694842

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.