Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41372683›Full record

SynthesisBiometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine2026

Zinc deficiency and zinc/copper ratio imbalance in autism spectrum disorder: a reanalysis of six multinational studies.

Geir Bjørklund

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Geir BjørklundCouncil for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway. bjorklund@conem.org.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Disturbances in zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) homeostasis have emerged as reproducible biochemical features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study presents an integrative reanalysis of six investigations (2014-2025) encompassing serum, whole-blood, and plasma measurements in ASD cases and controls, and one supplementation trial. Three case-control studies reporting mean ± SD values in circulating matrices were meta-analyzed. Circulating Zn levels were significantly lower in ASD (fixed-effect Hedges' g = -0.95; 95% CI -1.22 to -0.68; Q = 1.72, p = 0.42; I

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderCopperZincCase-Control StudiesChildHumansMaleMetallothioneinCopperMetallothioneinZincAutism spectrum disorderCopperMeta-analysisMetallothioneinTrace elementsZinc

Identifiers

PMID41372683

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.