Trial reportNutrients2025
Plasma and Urinary TMAO and Methylamine Responses to Meat and Egg Ingestion: Links to Gut Microbiota Composition in Subjects With and Without Metabolic Syndrome.
Trial report in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gut Microbiota as an Innovative Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Diseases from a Metabolic and Inflammatory Perspective.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- The role of choline in neurodevelopment.Pediatric research · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesTrimethylamine SUBJECTS/
methodsIn a randomized crossover trial, 12 MetS (≥3 criteria according to the Adult Treatment Panel III: elevated waist circumference, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and blood pressure or reduced HDL cholesterol) and 21 non-MetS subjects consumed two test meals (3 hard-boiled eggs or 170 g meat balls) after overnight fasting, with ≥1-week washout. Blood was collected at baseline and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h postprandially; urine was collected over 6 h. Fecal samples (collected pre-first day of intervention) underwent 16S rRNA sequencing. Plasma and urinary TMAO, TMA, choline, and carnitine were quantified using UPLC-MS/MS.
resultsMetS subjects exhibited a non-significant trend towards higher incremental AUCs for plasma TMA, TMAO, choline, and carnitine after consuming both foods, with a 30-50% higher urinary TMAO excretion (but similar for TMA) versus non-MetS subjects. This exploratory analysis also indicated that MetS subjects had reduced gut microbial diversity, featuring decreased
conclusionNo significant increase in plasma methylamines after choline and carnitine challenge was observed in subjects with MetS compared with non-MetS. In MetS subjects (without CVD and T2D), gut microbiota composition was characterized by increased pro-inflammatory bacteria rather than TMAO-generating bacteria. The lack of statistical significance with regard to plasma TMAO response could be due to an insufficient sample size rather than the absence of an effect. Nevertheless, the observed elevation might still be clinically relevant, supported by concurrent differences in microbiota composition. These preliminary findings warrant validation in larger cohorts due to sample size limitations.
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Registered trials
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