Evidence mapPaperPMID 41376102Full record

ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of PFAS in Singapore: Insights from a Total Diet Study.

Ignatius Lim, Ping Shen, Wei Min Ang, Yee Soon Chin, Raymond Rong Sheng Shi, Wesley Zongrong Yu, Sheot Harn Chan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ignatius LimNational Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore.ORCID 0009-0006-2291-0330
Ping ShenNational Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore.ORCID 0009-0001-2121-5567
Wei Min AngNational Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore.
Yee Soon ChinNational Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore.
Raymond Rong Sheng ShiNational Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore.
Wesley Zongrong YuNational Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0003-4566-4831
Sheot Harn ChanNational Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-0371-9462

Funding

Singapore Food Agency Project ID RAP21.1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic compounds known for their environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and adverse human risks. This study presents Singapore's first Total Diet Study assessing the occurrence and dietary exposure of four PFAS, with 503 pooled samples analysed across 23 categories of commonly consumed food prepared using representative cooking methods. The majority (75%) of the food categories had non-detectable levels. Fish and seafood accounted for 89.7% of detections, with frequencies in decreasing order of PFOS > PFOA > PFNA > PFHxS, and an overall mean concentration of 0.67 µg/kg. As 93% of results are left-censored, dietary exposure assessment using a lower bound approach (LB) identified clams and crabs as having a higher estimated exposure risk for consumers, exceeding the EFSA's Health-Based Guidance Value of 0.63 ng/kg bw/day by factors of 4.8 and 1.9, respectively. PFAS LB dietary exposure for the general population was estimated at 3.1 × 10

Indexed as

dietary exposureoccurrencePFASSingaporetotal dietary study

Identifiers

PMID41376102
PMCPMC12691853

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.