ArticleAnnals of medicine and surgery (2012)2025
Serum inflammatory cytokines as biomarkers for predicting chronic migraine transformation: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
Article in Annals of medicine and surgery (2012), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- MitoTEMPO modulates trigeminal activation and mitochondrial biogenesis in a nitroglycerin-induced migraine model.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Chronic migraine (CM), defined as ≥15 headache days per month, often evolves from episodic migraine. Inflammation is implicated in migraine pathogenesis, and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines may serve as biomarkers for predicting chronification. This systematic review evaluates randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing serum cytokines in migraine patients to explore their potential predictive and therapeutic relevance. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and clinical trial registries (to October 2024) identified English-language RCTs reporting serum cytokine levels in migraine patients. Included studies measured inflammatory cytokines [e.g., interleukins, TNF-α, and C-reactive protein (CRP)] and related them to migraine frequency or transformation. Two reviewers screened studies and extracted data on cytokine outcomes and migraine progression. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool. Results: Nine RCTs ( Conclusions: Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines are frequently observed in patients with frequent or CM and may signal increased risk of progression. Their modulation through anti-inflammatory interventions aligns with clinical improvement, suggesting that these cytokines may function as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Larger, longitudinal RCTs are needed to confirm their predictive value and utility in preventing migraine chronification through early inflammatory profiling.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.