Evidence mapPaperPMID 41377246Full record

ReviewAnnals of medicine and surgery (2012)2025

The interplay of the microbiome and breast cancer: beyond the gut: a narrative review.

Pranjal Kumar Singh, Diya Rathi, Mohammedsadeq A Shweliya, Ayesha Farooq, Zainab Anfaal, Noor Ul Ain Saleem, Muhammad Hamza, Maria Qadri, Shree Rath, Mohamed Fawzi Hemida and 3 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Annals of medicine and surgery (2012), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Pranjal Kumar SinghDepartment of Zoology, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
Diya RathiDepartment of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
Mohammedsadeq A ShweliyaDepartment of Surgery, University of Baghdad College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2832-6270
Ayesha FarooqKhyber Medical College Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Zainab AnfaalKhyber Medical College Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Noor Ul Ain SaleemFMH College of Medicine and Dentistry Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad HamzaSaidu Medical College Swat, Swat, Pakistan.
Maria QadriJinnah Sindh Medical University Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
Shree RathAll India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.
Mohamed Fawzi HemidaFaculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Hina RaniDepartment of Medicine, Sir Syed College of Medical Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Abdulhadi M A MahgoubFaculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Sudan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5008-940X
Hakim Ullah WazirLady Reading Hospital Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide, with emerging evidence underscoring the microbiota's pivotal role in its etiology, progression, and therapeutic response. This narrative review synthesizes the intricate interplay between the breast tissue, skin, and lung microbiomes in breast cancer pathogenesis, with particular emphasis on inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and metastatic dissemination. The healthy breast microbiome, dominated by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, maintains tissue homeostasis through pH regulation, metabolite production, and immune modulation. Dysbiosis disrupts this equilibrium, fostering carcinogenesis via chronic inflammation, estrogen deconjugation, and DNA damage-induced genomic instability, with subtype-specific microbial signatures influencing tumor growth and therapy resistance. In IBC, skin microbiome alterations characterized by overgrowth of pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus exacerbate inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and lymphatic invasion, while promoting a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment enriched in regulatory T cells and M2 macrophages. Concurrently, lung microbiota dysbiosis impairs immune surveillance, remodels the extracellular matrix, and facilitates metastatic seeding through neutrophil extracellular traps and cytokine storms. Cross-talk among these microbiomes amplifies systemic effects, highlighting their synergistic contributions to disease aggressiveness. Advanced analytical techniques, including 16S rRNA sequencing, metagenomics, and metabolomics, offer promising microbial biomarkers for early detection and risk stratification. By elucidating these host-microbe dynamics, this review advocates for microbiome-centric interventionssuch as probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and targeted antimicrobials to enhance precision diagnostics and therapies, ultimately improving outcomes in breast cancer management.

Indexed as

breast tissue microbiomedysbiosisinflammatory breast cancermicrobiome-targeted therapyskin microbiome

Identifiers

PMID41377246
PMCPMC12688751

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.