SynthesisFrontiers in psychiatry2025
Single non-pharmacological intervention of depression in the elderly with cognitive dysfunction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: This study was conducted to appraise the comparative efficacy of single non-pharmacological methods on depression for cognitive dysfunction patients utilizing network meta-analysis (NMA) and resolve ambiguities in existing literature to help practitioners accurately determine the efficacy and formulate the optimal therapeutic models. Design: Systematic Review and Network meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Two investigators independently undertook data extraction and quality evaluation. Result: Overall, 26 articles incorporating 10 single non-pharmacological interventions were identified. Compared to control, GAME (SMD = -1.00, 95% CrI = -1.70 to -0.39) and mindfulness (SMD = -0.58, 95% CrI = -0.99 to -0.17) significantly alleviated depressive symptoms. RTBC (SMD = -0.49, 95% CrI = -0.88 to -0.09) and MUSIC (SMD = -0.47, 95% CrI = -0.84 to -0.08) showed moderate effects, and PE (SMD = -0.37, 95% CrI = -0.67 to -0.09) showed small effects. Conclusion: In this network meta-analysis, we synthesized 26 trials to quantify the isolated impact of 10 single non-pharmacological interventions on depressive symptoms. Against usual care (basic medical support, sham stimulation, or wait-list), GAME and mindfulness produced the largest and statistically credible reductions. Reminiscence-therapy-based care (RTBC) and music therapy (MUSIC) generated medium benefits, whereas physical exercise (PE) yielded a small yet significant effect. These findings were robust across both direct and indirect evidence, underscoring GAME and mindfulness as the most effective stand-alone non-pharmacological options for mitigating depression. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024517077.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.