Evidence mapPaperPMID 41377644Full record

ReviewHeart international2025

Imaging Inflammation: Epicardial Fat Density as an Imaging Marker of Cardiovascular Risk.

Nia Abbas, Matthew Budoff, Suvasini Lakshmanan

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Heart international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Nia AbbasDepartment of Internal Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.
Matthew BudoffDivision of Cardiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.
Suvasini LakshmananThe Lundquist Institute, Torrance, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), located between the myocardium and visceral pericardium, plays an active role in coronary artery disease (CAD) through local inflammatory and metabolic signalling. This review explores the prognostic significance of EAT volume and attenuation (density) as measured by cardiac computed tomography. While increased EAT volume has been linked to higher plaque burden, coronary artery calcium (CAC) and incident CAD - even in low-CAC populations - attenuation offers additional value by reflecting tissue inflammation and remodelling. Lower EAT density has been independently associated with major adverse cardiac events and vulnerable plaque features, outperforming both volume and CAC score in several cohorts. We also highlight the clinical relevance of these metrics in early disease detection and risk stratification, and their potential for therapeutic modulation. As evidence builds, EAT volume and density may soon serve as practical, imaging-based biomarkers to guide personalized prevention in CAD.

Indexed as

Atherosclerosisbiomarkercardiac imagingcardiovascular riskcoronary artery calciumcoronary artery diseaseepicardial adipose tissuefat densitymajor adverse cardiovascular eventsmyocardial infarction

Identifiers

PMID41377644
PMCPMC12687270

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.