Evidence mapPaperPMID 41377941Full record

ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025

Association of thyroid autoimmunity and pregnancy outcomes in unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss women: a prospective cohort study.

Ruifang Wang, Ling Liu, Wei Zhang, Jian Zhang, Kexin Wang, Fang Wang

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ruifang WangDepartment of Reproductive Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
Ling LiuDepartment of Reproductive Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
Wei ZhangDepartment of Reproductive Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
Jian ZhangDepartment of Reproductive Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
Kexin WangDepartment of Reproductive Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
Fang WangDepartment of Reproductive Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL) and thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) have received considerable attention. However, the association between TAI and subsequent infertility or pregnancy outcomes among euthyroid women with URPL remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify these relationships. Methods: From September 2019 to December 2022, we prospectively enrolled women with URPL at the Lanzhou University Second Hospital and collected pre-pregnancy and first-trimester data. Participants were divided into two groups: TAI and non-TAI, based on their thyroid antibody status. Changes in thyroid function parameters from pre-pregnancy to the first trimester were compared between the two groups. We assessed the incidence of infertility, subsequent pregnancy loss, and pregnancy complications. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between TAI and infertility, subsequent pregnancy loss, and adverse pregnancy outcomes, after adjusting for maternal age, body mass index, gravidity, number of pregnancy losses, and concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4). Results: Of the 576 euthyroid women with URPL included, 101 (17.5%) were classified as TAI, and 475 (82.5%) as non-TAI. Subsequently, 110 (19.1%) patients were diagnosed with infertility and 466 (80.9%) patients conceived. The mean TSH concentrations in the TAI group were higher than those in the non-TAI group both pre-pregnancy (2.3 ± 0.8 vs. 2.2 ± 0.9 mIU/L, P = 0.085) and in the first trimester (2.1 ± 1.2 vs. 1.7 ± 0.9 mIU/L, P = 0.014). The mean fT4 concentration in the first trimester was lower in the TAI group (14.2 ± 2.8 vs. 14.9 ± 1.9 ng/ml, P = 0.024). Logistic regression analysis showed that TAI was independently associated with increased risks of subsequent pregnancy loss (OR 2.953, 95%CI 1.142-3.693), hypothyroidism during pregnancy (OR 5.567, 95%CI 3.035-10.210), premature rupture of membranes (OR 2.198, 95%CI 1.051-4.595), and preterm birth (OR 2.865, 95%CI 1.132-7.249). Conclusions: Among euthyroid women with URPL, TAI is independently associated with increased risks of subsequent pregnancy loss, hypothyroidism during pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, and preterm birth, underscoring the need for pre-pregnancy attention.

Indexed as

AutoimmunityPregnancy ComplicationsAbortion, SpontaneousAdultAutoantibodiesCohort StudiesFemaleHumansInfertility, FemalePregnancyProspective StudiesThyroid GlandAutoantibodiesfertilitypregnancy complicationssubsequent pregnancy outcomethyroid autoimmunityunexplained recurrent pregnancy loss

Identifiers

PMID41377941
PMCPMC12685602

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.