Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41379288›Full record

ArticleGeroScience2025

Healthy diet and slower biological aging as protective factors against microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes.

Han Zhou, Shuai Ben, Qian Ma, RuiKang Yang, Jiao Xia, XiongYi Yang, Jing Li, JunYa Zhu, Qian Liu, Ya Zhao and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in GeroScience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Han Zhou *Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200,080, China.
Shuai Ben *Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200,080, China.
Qian Ma *Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750,001, China.
RuiKang YangDepartment of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100,044, China.
Jiao XiaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200,080, China.
XiongYi YangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200,080, China.
Jing LiEye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200,030, China.
JunYa ZhuDepartment of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211,166, China.
Qian LiuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200,080, China.
Ya ZhaoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200,080, China.
Na LiDepartment of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750,001, China. nx_linalab@163.com.
Kun LiuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200,080, China. drliukun@sjtu.edu.cn.
Biao YanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200,080, China. yanbiao@sjtu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7338-6413

Funding

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities YG2025QNA43Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Collaborative Innovation Cluster Project 2024CXJQ02
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the independent and joint effects of adherence to healthy dietary patterns and slower biological aging on the incidence of diabetic microvascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to assess the mediating role of biological aging. In a prospective cohort of 13,294 T2DM participants without baseline DMCs, dietary quality was assessed using a validated 10-point score, while biological aging was calculated from nine biomarkers and chronological age. Cox regression models were used to assess associations, and mediation analysis was performed to estimate the mediating effects of biological aging. Over a mean follow-up of 11.9 years, 3197 participants developed DMCs, including 1392 cases of diabetic retinopathy (DR), 1908 of diabetic nephropathy (DN), and 598 of diabetic neuropathy (DPN). Higher dietary scores (6-10) were associated with reduced risks of composite DMCs (HR 0.845; 95% CI 0.742-0.962), DR (0.804; 0.659-0.981), and DN (0.766; 0.643-0.911), but not DPN. Phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) ≤ 0 was also linked to a reduced risk of DMCs. In addition, biologically younger with higher dietary score (6-10 points) had 39.4%, 30.8%, 53.6%, and 41.9% lower risk of composite DMCs, DR, DN, and DPN, respectively. Mediation analysis revealed that PhenoAgeAccel accounted for 43.0%, 29.8%, and 33.5% of the diet association with composite DMCs, DR, and DN, respectively. The results suggest that healthier dietary patterns and slower biological aging can reduce the risk of DMCs in T2DM patients, with a substantial portion of the dietary benefits mediated through slower aging. Integrating dietary and aging-targeted interventions may offer a promising method to reduce DMC risk in T2DM.

Indexed as

Biological agingDiabetic microvascular complicationHealthy dietary patternMediation analysis

Identifiers

PMID41379288

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.