Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41381069›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of international medical research2025

Benefit of long-wave infrared camera in the measurement of respiratory rate: A pilot study.

Jaeho Kim, Sungho Kim, Sreya Deb Srestha, Uday Debnath, Min Cheol Chang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of international medical research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jaeho KimDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0009-0006-5247-1420
Sungho KimDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, Republic of Korea.
Sreya Deb SresthaDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, Republic of Korea.
Uday DebnathDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, Republic of Korea.
Min Cheol ChangDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-7629-7213

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study evaluated the accuracy of a long-wave infrared camera-based nostril temperature flow method for estimating respiratory rate across different breathing patterns. Five participants (four males and one female; aged between their mid-20s and mid-40s) were monitored using five sensors: a long-wave infrared camera, red-green-blue webcam, red-green-blue camera, respiratory belt, and electrocardiogram sensor. Participants performed regular (17-19 breaths per minute), shallow (32-98 breaths per minute), and deep (5-8 breaths per minute) breathing. The long-wave infrared camera demonstrated the highest accuracy among all devices, with mean absolute errors of 0.6 (regular), 2.4 (shallow), and 0 (deep) breaths per minute. The respiratory belt demonstrated similar performance for regular (0.2 breaths per minute) and deep (0 breaths per minute) breathing; however, it exhibited a significantly higher error (26.0 breaths per minute) during shallow breathing. In contrast, the red-green-blue webcam, red-green-blue camera, and electrocardiogram sensor produced higher mean absolute errors during shallow breathing (44.4, 32.4, and 34.2 breaths per minute, respectively). Overall, the long-wave infrared camera consistently outperformed the other modalities across all breathing patterns, particularly excelling in scenarios with extreme respiratory rates. These findings highlight the long-wave infrared camera's potential for accurate, noncontact respiratory rate monitoring in clinical and remote health settings, particularly where conventional sensors may fail due to motion artifacts or irregular breathing.

Indexed as

Infrared RaysRespiratory RateAdultElectrocardiographyFemaleHumansMaleMonitoring, PhysiologicPilot ProjectsRespirationYoung Adultlong-wave infrared camerameasurementRespiratory ratesensortemperature

Identifiers

PMID41381069
PMCPMC12699015

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.