ArticleNPJ precision oncology2025
Differential implications of tumor endothelial cell and lymphocyte densities in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with immunotherapy.
Article in NPJ precision oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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20 authors.
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Abstract
We investigated whether artificial intelligence (AI)-based tumor microenvironment profiling correlates with treatment efficacy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies. Spatial distribution of immune/non-immune cells from pretreatment H&E images of 163 patients was retrospectively analyzed using an AI/deep-learning model. High tumor endothelial cell (TEC) density was associated with significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) in the atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (atezo-bev) cohort (HR 0.51 [0.27-0.97]; p = 0.037) but not in the anti-PD-1 monotherapy cohort (HR 1.02 [0.59-1.77]; p = 0.935). Conversely, inflamed immune phenotype, characterized by high intratumoral TIL densities, predicted longer PFS after anti-PD-1 monotherapy (HR 0.50 [0.25-0.99]; p = 0.042) but not after atezo-bev (HR 0.92 [0.50-1.69]; p = 0.762). Our exploratory analysis using AI/deep-learning model demonstrated high TEC density predicted superior outcomes with atezo-bev, while TIL presence correlated with improved anti-PD-1 monotherapy efficacy in HCC patients, suggesting potential clinical applicability in treatment selection.
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