Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41387317›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

Efficacy and hypoglycaemia outcomes of once-weekly insulin icodec versus once-daily basal insulin comparators across baseline HbA1c, BMI and duration of type 2 diabetes subgroups: A post hoc analysis of ONWARDS 1-5.

Alice Y Y Cheng, Gayathri Anil, Luis Canani, Siri Vinther, Ni Wang, Chantal Mathieu

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialClinical Trial, Phase IIIComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Alice Y Y ChengTrillium Health Partners and Unity Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-2729-606X
Gayathri AnilNovo Nordisk Service Centre India, Bangalore, India.ORCID 0000-0003-4972-1629
Luis CananiServiço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-1813-4491
Siri VintherNovo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0003-4823-0713
Ni WangNovo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
Chantal MathieuClinical and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-4055-5233

Funding

Novo Nordisk A/S
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsThis post hoc analysis assessed efficacy and hypoglycaemia outcomes of once-weekly insulin icodec (icodec) versus once-daily (OD) basal insulin comparators across different baseline glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) duration subgroups using data from five phase 3a trials of icodec in adults with T2D. MATERIALS AND

methodsTreatment outcomes were assessed, by trial, in insulin-naive (ONWARDS 1, 3 and 5) and insulin-experienced (ONWARDS 2 and 4) adults across baseline HbA1c (≤8%, >8% to ≤9% and >9%), baseline BMI (<25 kg/m

resultsAcross trials, the estimated treatment differences for change in HbA1c and odds ratios for achievement of HbA1c <7% without clinically significant or severe hypoglycaemia between icodec and OD basal insulin comparators were overall consistent across baseline HbA1c, BMI and T2D duration subgroups; no statistically significant treatment by subgroup interactions were seen. Hypoglycaemia rates were numerically low for both treatment arms and consistent across subgroups in ONWARDS 1-3 and 5.

conclusionsThe efficacy and hypoglycaemia profile of icodec versus OD basal insulin comparators was overall consistent across trial populations irrespective of baseline HbA1c, BMI or T2D duration.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2HypoglycemiaHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin GlargineAdultAgedBlood GlucoseBody Mass IndexDrug Administration ScheduleFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleMiddle AgedTreatment OutcomeBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin Glarginedemographic analysesinsulin analogueslong‐acting basal insulintype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41387317
PMCPMC12890738

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.