Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41387706›Full record

Trial reportNature communications2025

A young child formula with Limosilactobacillus reuteri and GOS modulates gut microbiome and enhances bone and muscle development: a randomized trial.

Nicolas Bonnet, Maria Rosario Capeding, Léa Siegwald, Marc Garcia-Garcera, Thibaut Desgeorges, Hanne L P Tytgat, Laura-Florina Krattinger, Jowena Lebumfacil, Loudhie Cyd Phee, Janne Marie Moll and 8 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04799028 (Evaluation of Toddler Milk Containing L.Reuteri, Galacto-oligosaccharides and Palm-Oil Free Fat Blend On Bone Metabolism Among Healthy Toddlers), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04799028 nacompletednot on this map

Evaluation of Toddler Milk Containing L.Reuteri, Galacto-oligosaccharides and Palm-Oil Free Fat Blend On Bone Metabolism Among Healthy Toddlers

TypeinterventionalSponsorSociété des Produits Nestlé (SPN)Ran2021 to 2022Enrolled273ConditionsToddlers Bone MetabolismArmsTraditional cow's milk, Experimental milk, Habitual diet
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Links between bone fractures and the gut microbiota.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Nicolas BonnetNestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc & EPFL innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9832-5767
Maria Rosario CapedingClinical Research Unit, Asian Foundation for Tropical Medicine Inc. (AFTMI), Muntinlupa City, Philippines.
Léa SiegwaldNestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc & EPFL innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Marc Garcia-GarceraNestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc & EPFL innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6408-7561
Thibaut DesgeorgesNestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc & EPFL innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Hanne L P TytgatNestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc & EPFL innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6270-2110
Laura-Florina KrattingerClinical Research Unit, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Jowena LebumfacilWyeth Nutrition, Makati City, Philippines.
Loudhie Cyd PheeClinical Research Unit, Asian Foundation for Tropical Medicine Inc. (AFTMI), Muntinlupa City, Philippines.
Janne Marie MollCmbio, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3514-4528
Alexander GudjonssonCmbio, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3273-8478
Paula Rodriguez-GarciaCmbio, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-4606-3858
Michael BaruchetNestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc & EPFL innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Jerome N FeigeNestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc & EPFL innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Ivana JankovicNestlé Product Technology Center-Nutrition, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland.
Yipu ChenNestlé Product Technology Center-Nutrition, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland.
Delphine EgliNestlé Product Technology Center-Nutrition, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland.
Marie-Noëlle HorcajadaNestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc & EPFL innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland. marienoelle.horcajada@rdls.nestle.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9673-3003

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this randomized, double-blind controlled trial, 182 Filipino children aged 2-3 years received either an experimental young child formula (EYCF) containing a combination of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS; n = 91) or a minimally fortified milk (CM; n = 91) for 6 months. Primary outcome was tibia speed of sound and secondary outcomes were muscle strength, blood vitamin D levels, bone turnover markers, gut microbiota, fecal calcium fatty acid soaps and gastro-intestinal tolerance. Compared to CM, those in the EYCF group showed increased tibia speed of sound after 3 and 6 months. The intervention remodeled the stool microbiome composition, assessed by shotgun metagenomics, with enrichment of L. reuteri and higher bifidobacteria presence in the EYCF group. Increased L. reuteri abundance after 6 months of EYCF consumption associates with higher bone quality and muscle strength. Stool metabolomics show 45 metabolites modulated by EYCF consumption and associated to microbiome compositional changes, leading to enrichment of tryptophane and indole metabolism. In summary, consumption of EYCF containing a L. reuteri + GOS synbiotic improves musculoskeletal development in toddlers via modulation of microbiota composition and function. These results provide insights on gut-musculoskeletal crosstalk during early life. Clinicaltrial.gov NCT04799028.

Indexed as

Bone DevelopmentGastrointestinal MicrobiomeInfant FormulaLimosilactobacillus reuteriOligosaccharidesChild, PreschoolDouble-Blind MethodFecesFemaleHumansMaleMuscle StrengthProbioticsSynbioticsVitamin DOligosaccharidesVitamin D

Identifiers

PMID41387706
PMCPMC12783733

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.