Trial reportNature communications2025
A young child formula with Limosilactobacillus reuteri and GOS modulates gut microbiome and enhances bone and muscle development: a randomized trial.
Trial report in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04799028 (Evaluation of Toddler Milk Containing L.Reuteri, Galacto-oligosaccharides and Palm-Oil Free Fat Blend On Bone Metabolism Among Healthy Toddlers), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of Toddler Milk Containing L.Reuteri, Galacto-oligosaccharides and Palm-Oil Free Fat Blend On Bone Metabolism Among Healthy Toddlers
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Links between bone fractures and the gut microbiota.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Tryptophan-Restricted Intermittent Diet Alleviates Estrogen Deficiency-Induced Osteoporosis via Regulating Coupling Effects of "Gut-Bone" Axis.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this randomized, double-blind controlled trial, 182 Filipino children aged 2-3 years received either an experimental young child formula (EYCF) containing a combination of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS; n = 91) or a minimally fortified milk (CM; n = 91) for 6 months. Primary outcome was tibia speed of sound and secondary outcomes were muscle strength, blood vitamin D levels, bone turnover markers, gut microbiota, fecal calcium fatty acid soaps and gastro-intestinal tolerance. Compared to CM, those in the EYCF group showed increased tibia speed of sound after 3 and 6 months. The intervention remodeled the stool microbiome composition, assessed by shotgun metagenomics, with enrichment of L. reuteri and higher bifidobacteria presence in the EYCF group. Increased L. reuteri abundance after 6 months of EYCF consumption associates with higher bone quality and muscle strength. Stool metabolomics show 45 metabolites modulated by EYCF consumption and associated to microbiome compositional changes, leading to enrichment of tryptophane and indole metabolism. In summary, consumption of EYCF containing a L. reuteri + GOS synbiotic improves musculoskeletal development in toddlers via modulation of microbiota composition and function. These results provide insights on gut-musculoskeletal crosstalk during early life. Clinicaltrial.gov NCT04799028.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.