Evidence mapPaperPMID 41388471Full record

ArticleTrials2025

Comparison of morning vs evening exercise on weight loss and related health behaviors in individuals with overweight or obesity: study protocol for a 56-week randomized controlled trial (TIMEX).

Seth A Creasy, Katrina M Oselinsky, Erik A Willis, Ann E Caldwell, Rebecca Rosenberg, Danielle M Ostendorf, Shelby Panter, Liza Wayland, Kristen Bing, Justin Lorentzen and 6 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readClinical Trial Protocol
In one paragraph

Article in Trials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02153252, which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02153252 no registry record found
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Seth A CreasyDepartment of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Katrina M OselinskyDepartment of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. oselinskyk@gmail.com.
Erik A WillisCenter for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Ann E CaldwellDepartment of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Rebecca RosenbergDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Danielle M OstendorfDepartment of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA.
Shelby PanterDepartment of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Liza WaylandDepartment of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Kristen BingDepartment of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Justin LorentzenDepartment of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Matthew BreitDepartment of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Kevin ClarkDepartment of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Anaeli SandovalDepartment of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Joseph E DonnellyDivision of Physical Activity and Weight Management, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Edward L MelansonDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Victoria A CatenacciDepartment of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.

Funding

PILOT STUDY--SUBSTRATE METABOLISM IN EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTSP30DK048520 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI Paul S. Maclean · 1995 to 2026
$32.6M
Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (CCTSI)UM1TR004399 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI JANINE A HIGGINS, RONALD J. SOKOL · 2023 to 2026
$30.7M
Does When You Exercise Matter? A Randomized Trial Comparing the Effect of Morning versus Evening Aerobic Exercise on Weight Loss and Compensatory BehaviorsR01DK126814 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI CATENACCI, VICTORIA A · 2021 to 2025
$3.3M
Research Training Program in Metabolism, Obesity and Type 2 DiabetesT32DK120521 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI DANIEL Holland BESSESEN · 2020 to 2026
$2.1M
Designing with dissemination in mind: Development and evaluation of a theory-based physical activity intervention using the Multiphase Optimization StrategyK01HL161417 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE KNOXVILLE · PI Danielle M Ostendorf · 2022 to 2026
$834k
Linking temporal patterns of modifiable behaviors to weight loss outcomesK01HL145023 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI CREASY, SETH A · 2019 to 2023
$820k
Rethinking Obesity and Cardiometabolic Health in Women: Using Evolutionarily Informed Hypotheses to Integrate Physiology and Behavior During Weight LossK01HL143039 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI CALDWELL, ANN ELIZABETH · 2019 to 2023
$770k
Training the Next Generation of Innovative and Collaborative Patient-Oriented Researchers to Reduce Obesity and Improve Cardiometabolic HealthK24HL169755 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI VICTORIA A CATENACCI · 2023 to 2026
$504k
NCATS NIH HHS CTSA UM1 TR004399NCATS NIH HHS UM1 TR004399NHLBI NIH HHS K01 HL143039NHLBI NIH HHS K01 HL145023NHLBI NIH HHS K01 HL161417NHLBI NIH HHS K24 HL169755NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK048520NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK126814NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK120521
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAerobic exercise is recommended for weight management. Recent evidence suggests that there may be time-dependent differences in how exercise affects body weight and energy balance regulation. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the effect of morning versus evening aerobic exercise on changes in body composition and components of energy balance in adults with overweight and obesity.

methodsThe Timing Intervention of Morning versus Evening EXercise (TIMEX) study is a two-arm, 56-week, block randomized (1:1) aerobic exercise intervention. One hundred twenty-eight adults with overweight and obesity will be randomized to engage in morning (AM-Ex, 06:00-10:00) or evening (PM-Ex, 15:00-19:00) moderate- to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise progressing to 2000 kcal/week of energy expenditure. The primary outcome is change in body weight at 7 months. Secondary outcomes include changes in body composition, energy intake, hunger and eating behaviors, energy expenditure, and physical activity behaviors at 7 and 13 months. DISCUSSION: Aerobic exercise elicits modest weight loss; however, there is substantial inter-individual variability in the weight loss response with some individuals losing significant amounts of weight and others gaining weight. The time of day exercise is performed may contribute to this weight loss variability. Understanding how the time of day of exercise affects weight loss and components of energy balance may lead to tailored exercise interventions that enhance weight loss. The TIMEX study will determine the effect of a guidelines-based dose of aerobic exercise completed in the morning versus the evening on weight loss, energy intake, and energy expenditure.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02153252. Registered on 12/10/2021.

Indexed as

ExerciseExercise TherapyHealth BehaviorObesityOverweightWeight LossAdultBody CompositionEnergy IntakeEnergy MetabolismFeeding BehaviorFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicEnergy balanceEnergy expenditureEnergy intakeExercise timingObesityRandomized trialWeight loss

Identifiers

PMID41388471
PMCPMC12817655

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.