Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41389299›Full record

ArticleDiabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association2026

'They use the little information they have to pass judgement': A framework analysis of type 1 diabetes stigma experienced by UK adults living with type 1 diabetes.

Harriet Housby, Akaal Kaur, Thomas Wylie, Nick Oliver, Katrina Scior, Vicky McKechnie

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Type 1 diabetes stigma: A UK survey of adults living with type 1 diabetes.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026
    Observational
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Harriet HousbyDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5770-8697
Akaal KaurDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5088-5375
Thomas WylieDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1077-730X
Nick OliverDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3525-3633
Katrina SciorResearch Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4679-0090
Vicky McKechnieDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4480-5188

Funding

Diabetes UK 23/0006506
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsType 1 diabetes stigma (T1D-stigma), the negative social judgements towards people living with type 1 diabetes (T1D), is linked to poor psychological well-being and suboptimal diabetes self-management. This qualitative study explored the T1D-stigma experiences of adults living with T1D in the UK.

methodsUK-based adults (aged ≥18 years) with T1D completed an online survey as part of a wider T1D-stigma study. Respondents who endorsed at least one item on the Type 1 diabetes stigma assessment scale (DSAS-1) were then invited to provide more information about their stigma experiences. Responses were analysed using framework analysis.

resultsThe majority of respondents (96%) endorsed experiencing at least one instance of perceived or experienced stigma. A framework analysis of N = 337 participants' responses developed five themes and 19 sub-themes. The first and second themes explored the 'Sources' and 'Drivers and facilitators' of T1D-stigma. The third theme encapsulated the 'Experiences' of T1D-stigma, where participants described 'unsolicited comments and advice', 'discrimination and rejection' and 'lack of understanding'. The fourth theme encompassed the 'Impact' of T1D-stigma, where participants described its social, emotional, and behavioural impact. The final theme explored Stigma management' and described 'dealing with T1D-stigma', 'changes over time in self, society and diabetes technology' and 'protective factors in T1D-stigma encounters'.

conclusionThis study has provided the first systematic qualitative analysis of T1D-stigma in the UK. In line with other diabetes-related stigma research, T1D-stigma was broad in its manifestations and impact. Participants volunteered information about T1D-stigma management, despite not being explicitly asked about this, highlighting approaches that could inform future interventions.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Social StigmaAdolescentAdultAgedFemaleHumansJudgmentMaleMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchSelf-ManagementSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited KingdomYoung Adultsocial stigmastigmatype 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41389299
PMCPMC12857862

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.