Evidence mapPaperPMID 41391451Full record

ArticleEndocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)2026

Efficacy and Safety of Stage 5 Connected Insulin Pens in Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes: Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol (SMART-5 Study).

Ji Yoon Kim, Nam Hoon Kim, Soo Heon Kwak, Chang Hee Jung, Eun Seok Kang, Jun Sung Moon, Sun Joon Moon, So Yoon Kwon, Jee Hee Yoo, Younghoon Kim and 4 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readClinical Trial Protocol
In one paragraph

Article in Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07004153 (A Multicenter, Open Label, Randomized, Comparative Confirmatory Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Electric Smart Insulin Pen), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07004153 nanot yet recruitingnot on this map

A Multicenter, Open Label, Randomized, Comparative Confirmatory Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Electric Smart Insulin Pen (DIA:CONN P8) Including Setup Wizard, Advanced Insulin Injection Coaching and Bolus Calculator With Analysis Function Based on Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data in Patients With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Under Multiple Dose Insulin Therapy

TypeinterventionalSponsorG2e Co., LtdRan2025 to 2026Enrolled152ConditionsDiabetes MellitusArmsSmart Coaching Insulin Pen
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Ji Yoon KimDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Nam Hoon KimDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Soo Heon KwakDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Chang Hee JungDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Eun Seok KangDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Jun Sung MoonDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
Sun Joon MoonDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
So Yoon KwonDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea.
Jee Hee YooDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, Korea.
Younghoon KimGlucometrics Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea.
Tae-Min LeeDivision of Advanced Technology, G2E Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea.
Chung-Il YangDivision of Product Development, G2E Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea.
Jae Hyeon KimDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. jaehyeon@skku.edu.
Sang-Man JinDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. sangman.jin@samsung.com.

Funding

Ministry of Food and Drug SafetyMinistry of Health and Welfare RS-2023-00250888Ministry of Science and ICTMinistry of Trade, Industry and Energy
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgruoundStage 2 or 3 connected insulin pens (CIPs) refer to tracking insulin pens that are capable of transmitting insulin dose data via cloud connectivity. Stage 4 CIPs feature a bolus calculator that determines appropriate insulin doses based on real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data, carbohydrate intake, previous dosing history, and preset parameters. Stage 5 CIPs additionally offer advanced decision-support features, such as education modules and coaching. However, the efficacy and safety of stage 5 CIPs have not yet been established.

methodsIn this prospective, open-label, parallel-group, multicenter, randomized controlled trial, we will include adults aged ≥19 and <75 years with type 1 or type 2 diabetes receiving multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) and having glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of 7.5% to 12.0%. In total, 152 participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either stage 5 CIPs with CGM or tracking insulin pens with CGM. Stage 5 CIPs include a Setup Wizard that recommends individualized initial settings and an algorithm that provides advanced insulin dosing guidance based on analyses of each participant's CGM and insulin injection data. The primary outcome will be the change in HbA1c levels from baseline to week 12 (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT07004153).

conclusionThis trial (Stage 5 connected insulin pen for MDI with Advanced decision support in a Randomized Trial [SMART-5 Study]) will determine whether stage 5 CIPs are superior to tracking insulin pens in improving glycemic control among adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes treated with MDI. Overall, this study may offer a promising strategy for enhancing the management and outcomes of patients with diabetes.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsInsulinAdultAgedBlood GlucoseContinuous Glucose MonitoringFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansInsulin Infusion SystemsMaleMiddle AgedMulticenter Studies as TopicProspective StudiesBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinConnected insulin penContinuous glucose monitoringDiabetes mellitus, type 1Diabetes mellitus, type 2Multiple daily insulin injectionsSmart insulin pen

Identifiers

PMID41391451
PMCPMC13341188

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.