Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41392180›Full record

ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2026

Identifying Out-of-Voxel Echoes in Edited MRS With Phase Cycle Inversion.

Zahra Shams, Abdelrahman Gad, Aaron T Gudmundson, Saipavitra Murali-Manohar, Christopher W Davies-Jenkins, Gizeaddis L Simegn, Dunja Simicic, Yulu Song, Vivek Yedavalli, Helge J Zöllner and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Zahra ShamsThe Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Abdelrahman GadThe Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Aaron T GudmundsonThe Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5104-0959
Saipavitra Murali-ManoharThe Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Christopher W Davies-JenkinsThe Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6015-762X
Gizeaddis L SimegnThe Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Dunja SimicicThe Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6600-2696
Yulu SongThe Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Vivek YedavalliThe Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Helge J ZöllnerThe Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Georg OeltzschnerThe Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Dillip K SenapatiThe Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Alfons SchnitzlerInstitute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Peter B BarkerThe Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-7793
Richard A E EddenThe Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0671-7374

Funding

Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction, Brain and Neurobehavioral Development in AutismP50HD103538 · NICHD · HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER · PI S. Ali Fatemi, Bradley L Schlaggar · 2020 to 2026
$9.9M
TRD 4: Platforms for multi-modal and multi-scale imaging dataP41EB031771 · NIBIB · HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER · PI Hanzhang Lu · 2021 to 2026
$9.9M
Universal GABA-edited MRS at 3TR01EB016089 · NIBIB · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Richard Anthony Edward Edden · 2013 to 2026
$5.4M
Simultaneous Hadamard Editing of GABA and GlutathioneR01EB023963 · NIBIB · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI EDDEN, RICHARD ANTHONY EDWARD · 2017 to 2024
$3.8M
Edited Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Pediatric BrainR01EB032788 · NIBIB · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Richard Anthony Edward Edden · 2023 to 2026
$2.7M
Model Selection for Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyR01EB035529 · NIBIB · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Georg Oeltzschner · 2024 to 2026
$1.7M
Multi-voxel spectral editing at 3TR01EB028259 · NIBIB · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI BARKER, PETER B · 2020 to 2024
$1.6M
Simultaneous Downfield and Upfield proton MRSI at 3TR01NS134694 · NINDS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI PETER B BARKER · 2024 to 2026
$1.4M
Towards a comprehensive neurometabolic profile in patients with mild cognitive impairment.R00AG062230 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI OELTZSCHNER, GEORG · 2021 to 2023
$735k
General Linear Modeling For Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyR21EB033516 · NIBIB · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI OELTZSCHNER, GEORG · 2022 to 2024
$670k
Brain glutamine metabolism in schizophreniaR21MH127285 · NIMH · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI BARKER, PETER B · 2021 to 2022
$462k
Brain metabolism across the lifespan using multi-parametric MRSK99AG080084 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI ZOELLNER, HELGE JOERN · 2023 to 2024
$212k
NIA NIH HHS K99 AG062230NIA NIH HHS K99 AG080084NIA NIH HHS R00 AG062230NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB031771NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB016089NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB023963NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB028259NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB032788NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB035529NIBIB NIH HHS R21 EB033516NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD103538NIH HHS K99 AG080084NIH HHS P41 EB031771NIH HHS R00 AG02230NIH HHS R01 EB016089NIH HHS R01 EB023963NIH HHS R01 EB032788NIH HHS R01 EB035529NIH HHS R21 EB033516NIH HHS R21MH127285NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH127285NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS134694Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) 974 (TP B07) of the German Research foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo identify the origin of out-of-voxel (OOV) signals based on the coherence transfer pathway (CTP) formalism using signal phase conferred by the acquisition phase cycling scheme. Knowing the CTP driving OOV artifacts enables optimization of crusher gradients to improve their suppression. THEORY AND

methodsA phase cycle systematically changes the phase of RF pulses across the transients of an experiment, encoding phase shifts into the data that can be used to suppress unwanted CTPs. We present a new approach, phase cycle inversion (PCI), which removes the receiver phase originally applied to the stored transients, replacing it with new receiver phases, matching the phase evolutions associated with each unwanted CTP, to identify the OOV signals. We demonstrated the efficacy of PCI using the MEGA-edited PRESS sequence in simulations, phantom and in vivo experiments at 3T, and for short echo time STEAM at 7T. Based on these findings, the crusher gradient scheme was optimized for a MEGA-edited PRESS sequence.

resultsThe simulation results demonstrated that PCI can fully separate signals originating from different CTPs using a complete phase cycling scheme. PCI effectively identified the CTP responsible for OOV signals in phantom experiments and in vivo, though with reduced specificity in vivo due to phase instabilities. Re-optimization of the gradient scheme based on the identified OOV-associated CTP to suppress these signals, resulted in cleaner spectra.

conclusionPCI can be broadly applied across pulse sequences and voxel locations, making it a flexible and generalizable approach for diagnosing the CTP origin of OOV signals.

Indexed as

Image Processing, Computer-AssistedMagnetic Resonance ImagingAlgorithmsArtifactsBrainComputer SimulationHumansMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyPhantoms, ImagingSignal Processing, Computer-Assistedcoherence transfer pathwaysedited MRSgradient schemeout‐of‐voxel artifactsphase cycle inversionphase cycling

Identifiers

PMID41392180
PMCPMC12850603

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.