ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Developing a theory-based intervention to enhance physical activity in older adults with atrial fibrillation and frailty: a behavior change wheel approach.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Physical activity is often insufficient in older adults with atrial fibrillation (AF) and frailty. Regular physical activity is crucial for these patients as it can improve AF symptom severity, enhance quality of life, delay frailty progression, and reduce the national healthcare burden. Theory-based behavior change interventions are necessary to promote physical activity. This study aimed to develop an intervention guided by the behavior change wheel (BCW) theory to improve physical activity in older patients with AF and frailty. Methods: Our study used a framework based on BCW theory to develop a behavior change intervention in eight steps. We conducted semi-structured interviews to identify the determinants of physical activity in older patients with AF and frailty, using the capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior model and the theoretical domain framework. Appropriate intervention functions and policies addressing these determinants were selected based on the affordability, practicality, effectiveness, acceptability, safety, and equity (APEASE) criteria. Finally, suitable behavior change techniques (BCTs) were selected to translate the intervention functions into specific intervention content. Results: Our study identified 12 factors that promote and 12 factors that hinder physical activity. Based on these factors, we selected seven intervention functions and 15 BCTs, all meeting the APEASE criteria. We used a software application as the delivery mode. Finally, we developed behavioral change interventions for older patients with AF and frailty to increase physical activity levels and compliance. Conclusion: The BCW provides a systematic approach to designing behavioral change interventions that can improve physical activity, delay frailty in older patients with AF, and reduce healthcare burdens. Our findings indicate that interventions should focus on enhancing disease knowledge, teaching physical activity skills, providing social support, and using appropriate BCTs in older patients with AF and frailty. Our next step will be to conduct a feasibility study to assess the acceptability and effectiveness of these intervention programs.
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