Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41393109›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in aging neuroscience2025

Association between Klotho levels in cerebrospinal fluid and choroid plexus enlargement in neurodegeneration.

Luca Sacchi, Marina Arcaro, Giorgio Bocca, Lia Schmid, Tiziana Carandini, Laura Ghezzi, Manuela Pintus, Anna Margherita Pietroboni, Chiara Fenoglio, Maria Serpente and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Luca SacchiDepartment of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Marina ArcaroFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Giorgio BoccaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Lia SchmidFaculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Tiziana CarandiniFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Laura GhezziDepartment of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Manuela PintusFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Anna Margherita PietroboniFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Chiara FenoglioDepartment of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Maria SerpenteFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Giorgio ConteFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Fabio TriulziFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Raffaella LanzarottiPHuSe Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Claudia DolciDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Daniela GalimbertiDepartment of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Andrea ArighiFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Klotho is a longevity-associated protein found in membrane-bound and secreted forms, with the latter detectable in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Circulating Klotho mainly originates from the kidney, while the choroid plexus (CP) secretes it into the CSF. CP dysfunction is associated with reduced Klotho expression and neurodegeneration and may result in CP enlargement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this preliminary study, we investigated Klotho levels in neurodegenerative patients and their association with CP enlargement. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 40 patients from the IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, including 32 neurodegenerative patients (Deg) and 8 cognitively normal controls (NonDeg). CSF and serum Klotho levels were measured using an ELISA kit. KL-VS and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping were performed. CP volumes were segmented using ITK-SNAP and normalized to total intracranial volume (TIV), resulting in a measure known as the CP volume fraction (CPVF). A multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted, adjusting for diagnostic group, age, sex, APOEε4, CPVF, and gray matter volume fraction (GMVF). Results: CSF Klotho levels were significantly lower in Deg patients (mean = 729 pg./mL, SD = 364) compared to NonDeg individuals (mean = 1,077 pg./mL, SD = 220) ( Conclusion: In this preliminary study, we observed a strong association between CSF Klotho levels and CP enlargement. Reduced CSF Klotho levels, due to CP dysfunction, may contribute to neurodegeneration. If confirmed in larger cohorts, this association suggests that CSF Klotho may serve as a biomarker for CP enlargement, possibly reflecting its underlying dysfunction.

Indexed as

Alzheimer’s diseaseaquaporin-4choroid plexusglymphatic systemKlotho

Identifiers

PMID41393109
PMCPMC12695769

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.