ArticlePakistan journal of medical sciences2025
Etiological Spectrum and Anatomical Locations of Hydronephrosis in Western Region of Yemen.
Article in Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background & Objective: Hydronephrosis is the dilatation of renal pelvis and calices with urine as due to obstruction of urine flow along the urinary tract. This study aimed to report the causes of hydronephrosis in the western region of Yemen. Methodology: This retrospective study reviewed the electronic medical records of 418 patients diagnosed with hydronephrosis between June 2024 to December 2024 at Advanced AlRazi Diagnostic Center, Al-Hodeidah, Republic of Yemen. Results: A total of 418 patients with 476 kidneys affected by hydronephrosis were included in this study. There were 265 (63.4%) male and 153 (36.6%) females, aged 1 to 80 years (mean age: 31.11±11.14). Hydronephrosis was most commonly among young adults (n=316, 66.4%). It was predominantly unilateral 361 (86.4), with right side more frequently affected than the left. The most common grade observed was Grade-II (69.7%), followed by Grade-III (17.9%). The leading cause of hydronephrosis was stones (74.4%), followed by reflux (9.5%) and pregnancy (8.8%). The stones causing hydronephrosis were most often located in the distal ureter (DU) (43.7%), followed by the middle ureter (MU) (18.5%), upper ureter (UU) (17%), vesicoureteral junction (10.5%), renal pelvis (2.3%) and urethra (0.8%). The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that the mean stone size increased with the grade of hydronephrosis from Grade-I to Grade-IV (p <0.001). Conclusion: This study concluded that ureteric or renal stones (nephrolithiasis) were the predominant cause of hydronephrosis, followed by reflux, pregnancy and underactive bladder. Ureteric strictures and infections were rare causes. Nephrolithiasis were commonly found in the DU, MU and UU. Grade-II hydronephrosis was the most frequently reported, with strong correlation between stone size and hydronephrosis grade, as the mean stone size increased from Grade-I to Grade-IV.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.