Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41396696›Full record

ArticleThe European journal of general practice2025

Advancing clinical research in the Spanish primary care service: Challenges, opportunities, and lessons from other European models.

Jose Cárdenas-Quesada, Ángela Remesal-Doblado, Vanesa Garrido-Rodríguez, M Isabel Lucena, Leovigildo Ginel-Mendoza, Salvador León Cárdenas-Viedma, Judith Sanabria-Cabrera

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The European journal of general practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jose Cárdenas-QuesadaServicio de Farmacología Clínica, Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Ensayos Clínicos, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España.
Ángela Remesal-DobladoServicio de Farmacología Clínica, Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Ensayos Clínicos, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España.
Vanesa Garrido-RodríguezServicio de Farmacología Clínica, Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Ensayos Clínicos, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España.
M Isabel LucenaServicio de Farmacología Clínica, Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Ensayos Clínicos, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España.
Leovigildo Ginel-MendozaMedicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Ciudad Jardín, Málaga, España.
Salvador León Cárdenas-ViedmaMedicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud de Cartuja, Granada, España.
Judith Sanabria-CabreraServicio de Farmacología Clínica, Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Ensayos Clínicos, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAs the first point of contact with the healthcare system, primary care (PC) provides a unique setting for clinical research, enabling longitudinal follow-up, early disease detection, and study of prevalent illnesses. In Spain, however, PC research remains largely untapped, despite the country's leadership in overall clinical trial initiations within the European Union.

objectivesTo analyse the main challenges and opportunities of PC research in Spain and to draw lessons from successful European models to inform future priorities.

methodsThis opinion paper presents a narrative, cross-country comparative synthesis (1993-2025) of peer-reviewed and gray literature.

resultsEuropean models demonstrate how interoperable data, dedicated infrastructure, and protected research time enable pragmatic and decentralised trials with high external validity. In Spain, major barriers include heavy workloads, limited research training, uneven infrastructure, and regulatory hurdles. Nevertheless, opportunities are emerging through digital platforms, interoperable registries, remote monitoring, and the integration of patient-reported outcomes (PROs).

conclusionSpain can unlock the untapped research capacity of PC by prioritising four reforms: (1) interoperable registries across care levels; (2) protected time and support roles for PC professionals; (3) targeted, sustained funding and minimum viable infrastructure; and (4) streamlined ethical/regulatory pathways for multicentre and decentralised trials. These steps would align research with daily practice, enhance inclusivity and equity, and strengthen PC as a hub for patient-centered innovation.

Indexed as

Biomedical ResearchPrimary Health CareEuropeHumansRegistriesSpaindigital toolshealth-system integrationpragmatic trialsPrimary care researchreal-world evidenceresearch networks

Identifiers

PMID41396696
PMCPMC12707090

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.