Evidence mapPaperPMID 41397759Full record

Observational studyBMJ open2025

Examining tobacco consumption: prevalence and associated factors among Cambodians aged 15-49 from the 2021-2022 Demographic and Health Survey.

Myo Zin Oo, Soe Sandi Tint, Amaraporn Rerkasem, Por Leakhena, Nutchar Wiwatkunupakarn, Chaisiri Angkurawaranon, Kittipan Rerkasem

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Myo Zin OoEnvironmental-Occupational Health Sciences and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Soe Sandi TintDepartment of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Amaraporn RerkasemResearch Center for Infectious Disease and Substance Use, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Por LeakhenaDepartment of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Nutchar WiwatkunupakarnDepartment of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Chaisiri AngkurawaranonDepartment of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Kittipan RerkasemEnvironmental-Occupational Health Sciences and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand rerkase@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0784-2449

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTobacco consumption is a significant preventable cause of death worldwide. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of tobacco consumption among Cambodian individuals aged 15-49, utilising data from the 2021-2022 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS).

designCross-sectional study based on secondary analysis of the 2021-2022 CDHS.

settingNationwide household survey conducted across urban and rural areas of Cambodia.

participantsA total of 28 321 respondents aged 15-49 years were included in the analysis. OUTCOME MEASURES: Tobacco consumption categorised as no use, smoking tobacco, smokeless tobacco and dual use. Descriptive statistics, χ

resultsAmong the 28 321 respondents (68.8% female), 91.8% were non-users of tobacco (reference group), while 6.9% reported smoking (predominantly males; adjusted relative risk ratios (ARRR)=39.29, 95% CI 29.70 to 51.96, p<0.001). Additionally, 0.2% used smokeless tobacco and 1.1% were dual users. Higher risks of smoking were observed among those aged 40-49 (ARRR=5.17, 95% CI 3.58 to 7.47, p<0.001) and among alcohol consumers (ARRR=1.85, 95% CI 1.57 to 2.18, p<0.001).

conclusionsWhile Cambodia has made notable progress in reducing tobacco consumption, the persistent challenges highlighted by the prevalence of smoking, particularly among specific demographics, indicate the need for targeted public health interventions.

Indexed as

Tobacco UseAdolescentAdultCambodiaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth SurveysHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk FactorsSmokingTobacco, SmokelessYoung AdultEPIDEMIOLOGYSmoking ReductionTobacco Use

Identifiers

PMID41397759
PMCPMC12706235

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.