Evidence mapPaperPMID 41399264Full record

ArticleJournal of Korean medical science2025

Cytokine and Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis in Korean Patients With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

Hwanhee Park, Hye-Kyung Cho, Doo Ri Kim, Areum Shin, June-Young Koh, Younga Kim, Young June Choe, Eun Hwa Choi, Jong Woon Choi, Hyungmin Lee and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of Korean medical science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Hwanhee Park *Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3337-408X
Hye-Kyung Cho *Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0990-1350
Doo Ri KimDepartment of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-4043
Areum ShinDepartment of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3341-0447
June-Young KohInocras Korea, Inc., Daejeon, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2043-6624
Younga KimDepartment of Pediatrics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8332-5200
Young June ChoeDepartment of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2733-0715
Eun Hwa ChoiDepartment of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5857-0749
Jong Woon ChoiDepartment of Pediatrics, Bundang Jesaeng Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5034-603X
Hyungmin LeePatient Management Team, Central Disease Control Headquarters for COVID-19, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3478-3704
Jungyeon KimPatient Management Team, Central Disease Control Headquarters for COVID-19, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-1544
Yae-Jean KimDepartment of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8367-3424

Funding

Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency 2022-08-008Soonchunhyang University
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare but serious complication after coronavirus disease 2019. In South Korea, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency has conducted national surveillance of MIS-C from May 2020 to March 2023. This project was carried out during the second phase of the surveillance, which included enhancements to the reporting system starting in August 2022. In addition to monitoring the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, we analyzed cytokine changes and genetic factors.

methodsA user-friendly web-based reporting system using an electronic case report form (e-CRF) was established to provide clinicians in the field with easy access to reports. Cases collected from August 2022 to March 2023 were evaluated to confirm diagnoses, and unclassified cases from the prior research period were also reviewed. For patients who provided consent, serum cytokine measurements and whole-genome sequence analyses were conducted.

resultsIn this study, 55 cases were confirmed as MIS-C. Of the 32 cases reported via e-CRF in the second period, 28 were confirmed as MIS-C. Among 31 cases reported but unclassified in the first period, 27 were subsequently confirmed as MIS-C. The median patient age was 7.8 years (range: 2 months to 16 years), with 54.5% (30/55) male. Clinically, 15 patients (27%) had abnormal echocardiography findings, and 5 (9.1%) required intensive care unit care. Steroids were administered to 45 patients (81.8%) and intravenous immunoglobulin to 46 (83.6%). No mortality occurred. In two patients, 17 serum cytokines were measured pre- and post-treatment, with interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17/IL-17A, IL-1ra/IL-1F3, IL-10, and CXC motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10)/inducible protein 10 kDa (IP-10) peaking before treatment and decreasing afterward. Whole-genome sequencing in 6 patients revealed no previously reported MIS-C-associated genetic variants.

conclusionContinuous monitoring of MIS-C cases is essential, as some may develop serious complications. Clinicians should remain vigilant in diagnosing MIS-C, and further research is needed to elucidate its pathogenesis.

Indexed as

COVID-19CytokinesSystemic Inflammatory Response SyndromeAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantMaleRepublic of KoreaSARS-CoV-2Whole Genome SequencingCytokinesCOVID-19CytokinesPediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Disease, COVID-19 RelatedWhole Genome Sequencing

Identifiers

PMID41399264
PMCPMC12708971

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.