Evidence mapPaperPMID 41401251Full record

ArticleMenopause (New York, N.Y.)2026

Subjective menopausal hot flashes in sleep disturbance: does the timing of hot flashes matter?

Clara Law, Kathleen Gunthert, Alexander W Sokolovsky, Evelyn Behar

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Clara LawDepartment of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY.ORCID 0000-0001-5013-1971
Kathleen GunthertDepartment of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC.
Alexander W SokolovskyDepartment of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI.
Evelyn BeharDepartment of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY.

Funding

NIDA NIH HHS K08 DA048137
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesUnderstanding the association between hot flashes and sleep disturbance is complicated, given that various dimensions of hot flashes (ie, occurrence, frequency, severity, timing) may have different associations with sleep. We evaluated the associations between various dimensions of momentary hot flashes and sleep disturbance (ie, sleep onset latency, sleep quality). We examined whether daytime, evening, and nocturnal hot flash frequency and/or severity predicted sleep disturbance.

methodsParticipants ( N =99) completed self-report measures of hot flashes and sleep for seven consecutive days. Participants retrospectively reported the number and severity of daytime (reported each morning and afternoon), evening (reported each evening), and nocturnal (reported each morning) hot flashes they had, and completed a sleep diary each morning. We conducted a series of linear mixed-effects models regressing both sleep outcomes onto daytime/evening hot flash frequency/severity, and regressing sleep quality onto nocturnal hot flash frequency/severity.

resultsResults indicated that within-person evening hot flash severity was associated with sleep onset latency (Est=5.60, SE=2.48, 95% CI [0.75-10.46], P <0.05), and that within-person nocturnal hot flash frequency was associated with sleep quality (Est=-0.46, SE=0.06, 95% CI [-0.58 to -0.34], P <0.001).

conclusionsWe found that more severe evening hot flashes predicted longer sleep onset latency that night, and that more frequent nocturnal hot flashes were associated with worse sleep quality that night. This may suggest that targeting hot flashes that occur at night-both in the evening before bed and nocturnally during sleep-may be useful in improving sleep in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women.

Indexed as

Hot FlashesMenopauseSleep Wake DisordersAdultFemaleHumansMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesSelf ReportSeverity of Illness IndexSleepSleep QualityTime FactorsHot flash frequencyHot flash severityMenopauseSleep onset latencySleep qualityVasomotor symptoms

Identifiers

PMID41401251
PMCPMC12842957

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.