Evidence mapPaperPMID 41401816Full record

Trial reportPharmacotherapy2026

Circulating Profiles of the Bile Acid Metabolomics in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Treated With Metformin or Canagliflozin.

Qi Yan, Meili Cai, Nan Wang, Wenhao Wu, Hua Zhang, Yikun Zhu, Jing Luo, Manna Zhang, Jin Li

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Pharmacotherapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04700839 (The Efficacy of Canagliflozin Versus Metformin in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04700839 phase4completednot on this map

The Efficacy of Canagliflozin Versus Metformin in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Open Label Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorShanghai 10th People's HospitalRan2020 to 2021Enrolled68ConditionsPolycystic Ovary SyndromeArmsSGLT2 inhibitors, Metformin
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Qi YanDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shan Xi Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital, Shan Xi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Meili CaiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Nan WangDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Wenhao WuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shan Xi Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital, Shan Xi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Hua ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shan Xi Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital, Shan Xi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Yikun ZhuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shan Xi Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital, Shan Xi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Jing LuoDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2702-120X
Manna ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8445-1954
Jin LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shan Xi Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital, Shan Xi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3926-7880

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82270915Shanxi Funding for High Level Overseas ReturnsSpecial Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Teams of Shanxi Province 202304051001021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveBile acids are indispensable modulators in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Our previous study identified that metformin and canagliflozin have similar efficacy in patients with PCOS combined with insulin resistance (IR). However, the effect of metformin or canagliflozin on bile acid metabolism in patients with PCOS has not been elucidated. The objective of this study was to use targeted metabolomics technology to compare alterations of circulating bile acid metabolites in patients with PCOS before and after treatment with metformin or canagliflozin. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: This study was a subanalysis of a previous randomized open-label study, in which patients with PCOS combined with IR were enrolled and treated with either metformin (n = 35) or canagliflozin (n = 33) for 12 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: The serum bile acid profile was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The differences in serum bile acid metabolites in patients with PCOS before and after treatment were analyzed. In addition, the correlation between bile acid metabolites and PCOS-related clinical characteristics was evaluated.

resultsThere were no significant differences in serum bile acid metabolites in patients with PCOS before and after canagliflozin treatment. Metformin treatment substantially decreased serum total bile acid levels in patients with PCOS, especially primary conjugated bile acids. The levels of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) showed significant differences from baseline in the serum of patients with PCOS after treatment with metformin. Correlation analysis showed that alterations of GCA, TCDCA, and GCDCA were associated with changes in multiple clinical parameters of patients with PCOS treated with metformin.

conclusionThe effects of metformin and canagliflozin on bile acids metabolism in patients with PCOS are different. The beneficial effects of metformin on PCOS may be related to the changes in bile acid metabolites.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04700839.

Indexed as

Bile Acids and SaltsCanagliflozinHypoglycemic AgentsMetforminPolycystic Ovary SyndromeAdultFemaleHumansInsulin ResistanceMetabolomicsTandem Mass SpectrometryYoung AdultBile Acids and SaltsCanagliflozinHypoglycemic AgentsMetforminbile acidscanagliflozinmetabolomemetforminpolycystic ovary syndrome

Identifiers

PMID41401816
PMCPMC12862559

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.