ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2025
Mechanism-guided pharmacotherapy for cardiometabolic multimorbidity: from pathophysiology to phenotype-prioritized treatment.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cardiometabolic 2.0: Redefining Cardiovascular Prevention Through SGLT-2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Joint assessment of white blood cell-to-HDL cholesterol ratio and waist-to-height-hemoglobin A1c for cardiometabolic multimorbidity risk: a prospective cohort study and cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- The unified cardiometabolic disease continuum: mechanistic stages of a single pathophysiological process.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), defined as the simultaneous presence of two or more cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in an individual, including but not limited to type 2 diabetes(T2D), chronic kidney disease(CKD), heart failure(HF), stroke, and obesity, constitutes an expanding global burden that challenges the prevailing single-disease paradigm of contemporary therapeutic interventions. Yet routine care is often guided by single-disease guidelines, yielding treatment plans that are siloed, polypharmacy-heavy, and potentially conflicting. Emerging evidence from large-scale outcome trials (2020-2025) and translational studies demonstrates that pharmacologic agents originally developed for glucose control exert multi-organ protective effects through distinct mechanistic pathways and these agents consistently reduced cardiovascular and renal events beyond glycemic control, with additive benefits when appropriately combined. This review indicates that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists should be prioritized based on phenotypic characteristics, while Non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist should be considered for use in chronic kidney disease phenotypes. Moreover, the implementation of threshold monitoring protocols is imperative in order to mitigate the risk of hypoglycemia, hypotension, and hyperkalemia. This mechanism-based optimization of therapeutic strategies provides significant guidance for the management of cardiometabolic syndrome and shows promise in improving clinical outcomes for patients suffering from comorbid cardiometabolic diseases. It is recommended that future research concentrate on patient populations with overlapping phenotypes, with a view to refining the decision criteria for treatment de-escalation or discontinuation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.