ArticleBMJ global health2025
Silent losses: predictors of anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies and their associations with menstrual bleeding in Lebanon - findings from a national cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ global health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Prevalence of anemia and its association with body mass index among adolescent schoolgirls in Zarqa, Jordan.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSignificant physiological changes occur in adolescence, including the onset of menarche in girls. However, the extent to which menstrual bleeding contributes to anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies remains unclear. This study assesses the prevalence of anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies and examines their association with menarcheal status, menstrual bleeding severity and other factors among adolescent girls in Lebanon.
methodsData were collected as part of a nationally representative cross-sectional study involving 2254 adolescent girls, 10-19 years of age. Household interviews were used to gather information on household demographics and wealth, and individual interviews assessed dietary diversity, menarcheal status and menstrual bleeding severity (assessed for post-menarche girls only). Blood samples were analysed to determine haemoglobin, ferritin, retinol-binding protein, folate and vitamin B12 levels. We used multivariable models to identify factors associated with anaemia and deficiencies in iron, folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin A.
resultsOverall, 20.3% of girls had anaemia, 29.5% iron deficiency, 13.9% iron deficiency anaemia, 14.4% folate deficiency, 17.7% vitamin B12 deficiency and 3.9% vitamin A deficiency. Among post-menarche adolescent girls, 22.4% reported severe menstrual bleeding. Bleeding severity was significantly associated with iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia in multivariable models. Iron deficiency was the primary predictor of anaemia, and a significant dose-response relationship was found between menstrual bleeding and anaemia in iron-deficient girls. Post-menarche status, but not bleeding severity, was associated with 46% and 54% higher prevalence of B12 and folate deficiencies, respectively. Neither menarcheal status nor bleeding severity was associated with vitamin A deficiency.
conclusionAmong adolescent girls in Lebanon, anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies were common, and menstrual bleeding severity was strongly associated with iron deficiency and anaemia in iron deficient girls. Menstrual health is a key predictor of nutritional status in adolescent girls and should be integrated into health programmes and nutrition assessments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.