Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41407768›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Repellent and insecticidal activities of Pinus halepensis and Cupressus sempervirens extracts against the West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens.

Mohamed M Baz, Shaimaa H Mohammed, Heba Y Mady, Doaa L Mohamed, Mohammed H Alruhaili, Hattan S Gattan, Saeed M Alasmari, Abdelfattah Selim, Esraa A Elhawary

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mohamed M BazDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt.
Shaimaa H MohammedDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt.
Heba Y MadyDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11757, Egypt.
Doaa L MohamedMedical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt.
Mohammed H AlruhailiDepartment of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Hattan S GattanDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 22254, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Saeed M AlasmariDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Najran University, 1988, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
Abdelfattah SelimDepartment of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), College of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt. Abdelfattah.selim@fvtm.bu.edu.eg.
Esraa A ElhawaryDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mosquitoes are major disease vectors that pose serious public health threats. Extensive use of synthetic insecticides against mosquitoes has caused resistance, environmental pollution, and health risks, making it imperative to use natural alternatives. This study evaluated the larvicidal and repellent activities of Pinus halepensis and Cupressus sempervirens leaf extracts and essential oils against Culex pipiens, the vector of West Nile virus, and profiled their phytochemical composition. Methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts, along with EOs, were tested for larvicidal toxicity and analyzed by UPLC/MS and GC/MS. EOs exhibited the highest larvicidal potency, with LC₅₀ values of 71.96 ppm for P. halepensis and 96.38 ppm for C. sempervirens, followed by solvent extracts in the order acetone > n-hexane > methanol > ethyl acetate. Both oils provided complete repellency (100%) for 150 min at 1% concentration. UPLC/MS identified 58 secondary metabolites, mainly flavonoids and diterpenoids, while GC/MS revealed 20 components from monoterpenes, sesqui-, di-, and triterpenes side by side with fatty acids. Biochemical assays showed that P. halepensis extract caused greater inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, esterases, and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GST, CAT, and GSH), with elevated oxidative stress markers (LPO and TPC) compared to C. sempervirens. These findings demonstrate the potential of P. halepensis and C. sempervirens extracts, particularly EOs, as eco-friendly botanical larvicides and repellents against Cx. pipiens.

Indexed as

CulexInsecticidesInsect RepellentsMosquito VectorsPinusPlant ExtractsAnimalsGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryLarvaOils, VolatilePlant LeavesWest Nile virusInsecticidesInsect RepellentsOils, VolatilePlant ExtractsCulex pipiensCupressus sempervirensEssential oilLarvicidal activityPhytochemistry profilePinus halepensis

Identifiers

PMID41407768
PMCPMC12715221

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.