Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41408196›Full record

Observational studyBMC geriatrics2025

Polypharmacy and functional decline in activities of daily living in older rehabilitation inpatients: a retrospective observational study.

Yukari Ogawa, Masaharu Sakoh, Futoshi Nibe, Kiyoshi Mihara

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC geriatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Yukari OgawaDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan. y_ogawa@musashino-u.ac.jp.
Masaharu SakohConvalescent Rehabilitation Center, Nerima Ken-Ikukai Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Futoshi NibeConvalescent Rehabilitation Center, Nerima Ken-Ikukai Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Kiyoshi MiharaDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan.

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 25K14493
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPolypharmacy is common in older rehabilitation inpatients and may interfere with functional recovery. However, its impact across different types of rehabilitation remains unclear.

methodsThis retrospective observational study included 1,903 patients aged 65 years or above who underwent rehabilitation between April 2017 and March 2024 at a convalescent hospital in Japan. Patients were categorized by type of rehabilitation into cerebrovascular, motor disorder, and disuse syndrome groups. Functional outcomes were evaluated using the Functional Independence Measure score (FIM) and Barthel Index (BI). Polypharmacy was defined as the concurrent use of 6 or more regular prescription medications. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations between polypharmacy and rehabilitation outcomes.

resultsOf all patients analyzed, 62.1% had polypharmacy at discharge, and 76.4% were aged 80 years or older. In the cerebrovascular disease group, polypharmacy was significantly associated with reduced FIM gain (unstandardized coefficients [β] = -3.225, p = 0.029), but was not significantly associated with BI gain. Likewise, a significant association of polypharmacy with lower FIM gain but no significant association with BI gain was observed in the disuse syndrome group. In contrast, no significant association between polypharmacy and FIM gain or BI gain was found in the motor disorder group. Age-stratified analysis revealed a stronger negative association between polypharmacy and functional recovery in patients aged 80 years and above. Furthermore, an increase in number of medications prescribed during hospitalization was independently associated with poorer FIM and BI outcomes. Polypharmacy was also associated with higher rates of using benzodiazepine receptor agonists, laxatives, and psychotropic drugs.

conclusionsPolypharmacy at discharge was negatively associated with functional recovery, particularly among patients with cerebrovascular disease or disuse syndrome. These findings highlight the importance of medication review and deprescribing to optimize rehabilitation outcomes in older inpatients.

Indexed as

Activities of Daily LivingInpatientsPolypharmacyRecovery of FunctionAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansJapanMaleRetrospective StudiesActivities of daily livingAgedDisuse syndromeFractureFunctional recoveryPolypharmacyRehabilitationStroke

Identifiers

PMID41408196
PMCPMC12709733

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.